Formation of a healthy lifestyle for kindergarten children. Formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children. Model of interaction of subjects according to

Katerinich Nadezhda Sergeevna,

Vambold Irina Iogannesovna,

caregivers

MKDOU "Kindergarten" Sun "

Tarko-Sale, Purovsky district.

“Health care is the most important work of an educator. Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, faith in one's own strength "

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Studies of the health status of preschool children have shown that many children from among the peoples of the North are tuberculosis-infected. The main causes of this disease in children are contact with adults with tuberculosis, and the greatest danger is the asocial presentation of patients who evade treatment.

Deeply aware of this problem, the Department of Education of the Purovsky District, on the recommendations of a phthisiatrician and a pediatrician, since 1996, the kindergarten "Sunshine" was transformed into a municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten "Sunshine" supervision and rehabilitation with priority implementation of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.

We have one group. It is completed with children from three to seven years old, mostly of indigenous nationality, who live in the Purovsky district (Kharampur, Khalyasovey, Samburg, etc.) in the direction of the district pediatrician and phthisiatrician, according to social indications from dysfunctional families in the direction of the department of guardianship and guardianship of the Administration of the Purovsky district of the department of education.

A feature of the work of our institution is the constant movement of the children's contingent. The terms of preventive treatment, methods of examination and stay in the kindergarten are determined by the order of the Ministry of Health No. 109 dated 03/23/2003, the duration of the stay of children in the institution depends on the effectiveness of the chemoprophylaxis carried out, the results of the examination (Mantoux test, blood tests, urine tests) and probable family contact with bacillary patients.

We are implementing the "Health" program aimed at the use of effective forms of health improvement for children in conditions kindergarten, grafting healthy lifestyle life of preschoolers.

The goal of health-saving educational technologies is to provide the child with the opportunity to maintain health in the context of integrated informatization of education, to form the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities not only of a general educational nature, but also of a healthy lifestyle, to teach how to use the acquired knowledge in Everyday life.

Health as a subject of health-saving technologies:

1. Physical health.
2. Mental health.
3. Social health.
4. Moral health.

Health assessment criteria:

1. Health level.
2. Assessment of the presence of bad habits.
3. Identification of physical defects.
4. Optimal driving mode.
5. Balanced diet.
6. Hardening and personal hygiene.
7. Positive emotions.
8. Social welfare.

Principles of health-saving technologies:

1. principle "Do no harm!";
2. the principle of consciousness and activity;
3. continuity of the health-saving process;
4. systematic and consistent;
5. the principle of accessibility and individuality;
6. comprehensive and harmonious development of personality;
7. systemic alternation of loads and rest;
8. gradual increase in health effects;
9. age adequacy of the health-saving process, etc.

Forms of classes: using preventive techniques;

1. with the use of functional music;
2. with alternating classes with high and low physical activity;
3. through recreational activities;
4. creating a healthy environment.

Means of health-saving technologies:

1. Means of motor orientation:

Movement elements (walking, running, jumping, throwing);

Physical exercise;

physical education minutes, physiotherapy, outdoor games, gymnastics,

self-massage, etc.

2. Healing forces of nature (sun and air baths, water procedures, phytotherapy, inhalation).

3. Hygienic factors (fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements, personal and public hygiene, ventilation, wet cleaning of premises, compliance with the daily routine ....)

Methods of health-saving technologies: frontal, group, practical method, educational game, game method, competitive method, method of individual lessons.

There are the following methods:

1. Protective and preventive (personal hygiene and hygiene training).

2. Compensatory-neutralizing (physical education, wellness, finger, breathing exercises, physiotherapy exercises, massage ...)

3. Stimulating (elements of hardening, methods of psychotherapy, herbal medicine).

With this in mind, health saving includes the following components:

1. Balanced diet.
2. Optimal physical activity for the body.
3. Compliance with the daily routine
4. Prevention of bad habits and formation of good habits.
5. Increasing psycho-emotional stability.

We carry out diagnostics of children's health. Diagnosis is the process of recognizing and evaluating individual biological and social characteristics of a person, interpretation and generalization of the received data on health.

The purpose of diagnosing the health of children is to promote the health of the child, his harmonious development. When diagnosing the health of children, in practice there are two areas:

1. grade physical development;
2. assessment of the physiological capabilities of the body (health reserves).

The main reason for successful work in this direction can only be the presence of consistency.

There are ten golden rules for health care:

1. Follow the daily routine!
2. Pay more attention to food!
3. Move more!
4. Sleep in a cool room!
5. Do not extinguish the anger in yourself, let it break out!
6. Constantly engage in intellectual activity!
7. Drive away despondency and blues!
8. Respond appropriately to all manifestations of your body!
9. Try to get as many positive emotions as possible!
10. Wish yourself and others only the best!

The question that has always stood before teachers is - "What to teach and why?". Health-saving technologies add one more question to them - “How to teach?”. Their main goal is the correct, consistent and harmonious education of children, without prejudice to their health.

As soon as the child begins to fidget in place, often change his position, yawn, lay his head on the table, get distracted and distract his comrades, this is a sure sign that he is already tired. It is useless to scold him or try to force him to pull himself together. All the same, he will no longer perceive new information, and he is unlikely to answer questions correctly. An experienced and attentive teacher will immediately understand this and respond.

If the preschooler is captivated, given the opportunity to independently and actively participate in his learning, then both energy and interest in classes will not run out, and, as a result, such a child who is carried away by an interesting process will receive much more knowledge than if they were passive and tedious presentation.

It has long been known that it is in the preschool period that the concept of a healthy lifestyle is laid in children and their idea of ​​​​it is formed. And if we, educators, organize work with children in a harmonious and balanced way, then this will become a strong foundation in the minds of children for life, and subsequently will serve their health well.

Health-saving technologies are the lifesaver that helps both kids and their caregivers to make learning a joy. Basically, to preserve the health of children, experienced teachers resort to simple and fun methods.

As preschoolers begin to tire, we offer them an exciting dynamic pause of 2 to 5 minutes, such as "Sculptor and Figure", "The Sea is Waved" .

There is no need to carefully select the time and place for such necessary gymnastics as gymnastics for the eyes. One or two minutes will be enough for it. ("Moth", "Fence", "Owlet".).

The same can be said about breathing exercises. A few minutes of controlling the correct breathing of fidgets, and they are again cheerful, full of strength. This includes the development of the respiratory apparatus, control of breathing, enrichment of the body with oxygen, and in addition, this is an additional training in speech and pronunciation.

We carry out invigorating gymnastics after sleep. We perform exercises on beds, walk along the paths of "health". They are made with our own hands (buttons are sewn on, large beads, plastic sticks, corks, etc.). We carry out hardening - water procedures, wiping, dousing the legs, general dousing.

And we also carry out gargling with decoctions of herbs, the procedure is directly carried out by physicians.

An indicator of health that is closely related to the physical development of the child is the state of his feet. In order for a child to walk, run, jump without restrictions, his legs must be healthy. For the prevention of flat feet, we offer exercises such as “Mill”, “Artist”, “Irons”, etc., as well as “health” paths, bags of nuts, cereals.

Exercises on stepplatforms are held to rhythmic music: in the form of morning exercises, part of a physical education lesson, leisure or holiday. Here you can jump on them, squat, stomp, clap. These exercises, which cause active activity of the circulatory and respiratory organs, enhance metabolic processes, are simple in their motor structure and are easily accessible to children.

An excellent element of the lesson are mobilegames. Of course, you need to control so that such a game does not turn into an uncontrollable flurry of emotions. It should be a game of small and medium activity. And, of course, it should correspond to the age of the child, his development, be appropriate in a certain environment (indoors or outdoors). The time of its implementation should also be taken into account (before going to bed, the game should be soothing, soothing, and vice versa, after a daytime sleep, it can be aimed at stimulating the activity of the kids). "A little white hare is sitting", "Find an object" for kids. And for older children "Feet off the floor", etc.

Of course, children, like adults, need to be able to relax. We teach them how to do it, put them on classical music, use audio recordings of nature sounds . Relaxation

The little ones can be distracted and entertained finger games. They are convenient for the teacher because all children love them, they do not require a special room or long preparation. We know that simple hand movements help to remove tension not only from the hands themselves, but also from the lips, relieve mental fatigue. During finger games, the motor skills of the hands are activated, thereby developing dexterity, the ability to control one's movements. We offer exciting games "My family", "Finger is a boy", "Cabbage", etc.

It is best to teach children in a harmonious combination of activities and play. Health-saving education, in addition to all of the above, is also the creativity of the teacher, i.e. his creative ideas.

You can calm and relax the child while painting with paints using fingers. Here, fine motor skills work, and mentally the little man is liberated, and fantasy with imagination can be released into the wild.

Positively affects the condition of children and work with plasticine and clay.

fairy tale therapy used for psycho-therapeutic and developmental work. The story can be told by an adult, or it can be a group story.

Classes rhythmoplasty aimed at harmonious development personality, on the formation of dance skills among pupils, which contributes to the improvement of the general culture of the child. Children perform exercises that strengthen the muscular apparatus and develop correct posture, as well as exercises for coordination of movements. The guys also do different kinds walk, get acquainted with some dance patterns, exercises and games that develop flexibility, musicality, coordination and orientation in space, which prepares children for performing activities.

You can help your child find psychological comfort, calm down, train memory and attention during various sand games.

Preparing for school is not only the ability of a child to count and read, everything is much more complicated. Even a first-grader who reads fluently and counts can feel extremely uncomfortable at school, compared to his friend who knows how to find a common language with new acquaintances, easily makes contact and has his own well-founded opinion, which is interesting to learn, and also physically strong. So confident and active kids and get sick less often. It is for this reason that preschool education should be harmonious, comprehensive, not limited to counting and writing. It is necessary to diversify the child's leisure time with dancing, physical education, creativity, music, etc.

Thus, health-saving technologies can be considered as one of the innovative ideas of the 21st century and as a set of methods and techniques for organizing the education of preschoolers without compromising their health.

It is also very important that each of the considered technologies has a health-improving orientation, and the health-saving activities used in the complex would eventually form a strong motivation for a healthy lifestyle, full and uncomplicated development in the child.

In conclusion, we can say that according to the results of diagnostics, a low incidence of morbidity in our children can be traced. Our children become more active, hardy, dexterous, courageous and have all the possibilities for harmonious development.

Modern health-saving technologies

Types of health-saving pedagogical technologies	Time of the day	Features of the methodology	Responsible
1. Technologies for maintaining and promoting health
Rhythmoplasty	Not earlier than 30 min. after meals, 2 times a week for 30 minutes. from middle age	Pay attention to the artistic value, the amount of physical activity and its proportionality to the age indicators of the child	music director, preschool teachers
Dynamic pauses	During classes, 2-5 minutes, as children get tired		educators
Mobile and sports games	As part of a physical education lesson, on a walk, in a group room - small with an average degree of mobility. Daily for all age groups	Games are selected in accordance with the age of the child, the place and time of its holding. In preschool educational institutions we use only elements of sports games	Educators.
Relaxation	Any suitable location. Depending on the state of children and goals, the teacher determines the intensity of the technology. For all age groups	You can use calm classical music (Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov), sounds of nature	educators
Aesthetic technologies	Implemented in the classes of the artistic and aesthetic cycle, when visiting museums, theaters, exhibitions, etc., decorating premises for holidays, etc. For all age groups	It is carried out in the classroom under the preschool educational program, as well as according to a specially planned schedule of events. Of particular importance is work with the family, instilling aesthetic taste in children.	All preschool teachers
Finger gymnastics	WITH younger age individually or with a subgroup daily		Educators, speech therapist
Gymnastics for the eyes	Daily for 3-5 minutes. at any free time; depending on the intensity of visual load from a young age		All teachers
Respiratory gymnastics		Provide ventilation of the room, the teacher instructs the children on the mandatory hygiene of the nasal cavity before the procedure	All teachers
Gymnastics invigorating	Daily after daytime sleep, 5-10 min.	The form of carrying out is different: exercises on beds, extensive washing; walking on ribbed boards; easy running from the bedroom to a group with a difference in temperature in the rooms and others, depending on the conditions of the preschool educational institution	educators
Corrective gymnastics	In various forms of physical culture and health work	The form of conducting depends on the task and the contingent of children	educators
Orthopedic gymnastics	In various forms of physical culture and health work		educators
2. Technologies for teaching a healthy lifestyle
Physical education	2-3 times a week in sports or music halls. Early age - in the group room, 10 min. Younger age - 15-20 min., average age- 20-25 min., senior age - 25-30	Classes are held in accordance with the program according to which the preschool educational institution works. Before class, you need to ventilate the room well.	educators
Problem-playing (game trainings and game therapy)	In your free time, you can in the afternoon. Time is not strictly fixed, depending on the tasks set by the teacher	The lesson can be organized invisibly for the child, by including the teacher in the process of playing activities.	educators
Self massage	Depending on the goals set by the teacher, sessions or in various forms of physical culture and health work	It is necessary to explain to the child the seriousness of the procedure and give children basic knowledge of how not to harm their body	Educators, nurse
Point self-massage	It is held on the eve of epidemics, in the autumn and spring periods at any time convenient for the teacher from an older age.	It is carried out strictly according to a special technique. It is indicated for children with frequent colds and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. visual material is used	Educators, nurse.
3. Corrective technologies
Technologies of musical impact	In various forms of physical culture and health work; or separate classes 2-4 times a month, depending on your goals	Used as an aid as part of other technologies; to relieve stress, increase emotional mood, etc.	All teachers
fairy tale therapy	2-4 lessons per month for 30 minutes. from older age	Classes are used for psychological therapeutic and developmental work. A fairy tale can be told by an adult, or it can be a group story, where the narrator is not one person, but a group of children.	educators
Color exposure technologies	As a special lesson 2-4 times a month, depending on the tasks	It is necessary to pay special attention to the color scheme of the interiors of the preschool educational institution. Properly selected colors relieve stress and increase the emotional mood of the child.	educators
Behavior Correction Technologies	Sessions of 10-12 lessons for 25-30 minutes. from older age	Conducted by special methods in small groups of 6-8 people. Groups are not made up on one basis - children with different problems are engaged in the same group. Classes are held in a playful way, they have diagnostic tools and training protocols	educators
Phonetic rhythm	2 times a week from a younger age not earlier than after 30 minutes. after eating. In the gym or music halls. ml. age-15 min., older age-30 min.		Educators, speech therapist

"Certificates of Publication" Series A No. 0000677, Series A No. 0000678 sent on July 9, 2012. receipt No. 62502649561190

We invite teachers of preschool education in the Tyumen region, YaNAO and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to publish their methodological material:
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irina khirnaya
Experience in the topic "Formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers"

Childhood is a unique period human life, during which health is formed. Everything acquired by a child in childhood is retained for the entire life. You can teach a child to run, jump, ski well, but if he does not have a motivated need for this, all these skills will be useless in life. It is important to teach the child to understand how valuable health for a person and how important it is to strive for healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle is not just a sum of acquired knowledge, but a style life appropriate behavior in different situations.

« Health is not everything, but without health is nothing"- repeats humanity after the sage Socrates for more than two thousand years. Modern society, the colossal pace of its development, informational technology makes every day ever-higher demands on man and his health.

Currently, one of the priority tasks facing teachers is to preserve health children in the process of education and training. Formation of a healthy lifestyle should start in kindergarten.

Habit to healthy lifestyle is the main, main, vital habit; it accumulates the result of the use of available funds physical education children preschool age, in order to solve wellness, educational and educational tasks. That's why preschool the institution and the family are called to preschool childhood lay the foundations healthy lifestyle using various forms of work. And it is in the family, in the childhood educational an institution at an early stage of development, the child should be helped to understand as early as possible the enduring value health, realize the purpose of it life, encourage the baby to independently and actively form, preserve and increase your health.

To actively influence the position of the child in relation to his own health, we, educators, need to know, first of all, that the term itself « health» defined ambiguously. concept « health» has many definitions. But the most popular, and perhaps the most capacious, should be recognized as the definition given by the World Organization health care: « Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

That is why any educational institution, (and especially kindergarten) should become "school healthy lifestyle» children. Where any of their activities will wear wellness-pedagogical orientation, and contribute to the education of their habits, and then the needs for healthy lifestyle, formation skills to make independent decisions regarding the maintenance and strengthening of one's own health.

Relevance experience is to solve the problem of preserving and strengthening preschool health. One of the solutions is an integrated approach to recovery children through the use, without which it is unthinkable pedagogical process modern kindergarten. Their implementation is based on formation child's awareness of his own health, which in turn should become backbone factor of modernization of physical culture wellness activity of a modern kindergarten.

Scientific Validity

The idea of ​​education healthy man has deep historical roots.

Philosophers of ancient Greece studied communication health and human behavior. The works of Pythagoras, Plato, Demosthenes, Socrates contained recommendations for strengthening health, as well as preventive prescriptions, which even now have not lost their importance for maintaining healthy lifestyle: daily routine, work and rest schedule, proper nutrition, home hygiene, preventive measures.

Follower of Hippocrates and Galen Aulus Cornelius Celsus (1st century AD) proclaimed healthy lifestyle foundation in disease prevention.

In the writings of the Roman Mark Fabius Quintillian (I century AD, reflected pedagogical views of that time, based on the need to raise children, taking into account age and individual characteristics, compliance with methods learning: imitation, instruction and exercise, as well as a reasonable combination of activities, games and recreation in order to avoid overworking children and save them health.

A number of philosophers (A. Smith, K. Helvetius, M. V. Lomonosov, K. Marx and others, psychologists (L. S. Vygotsky, V. M. Bekhterev and others), medical scientists (N. M. Amosov, V P. Kaznacheev, Yu. P. Lisitsyn, M. M. Buyanov, I. I. Brekhman, and others, teachers (L. G. Tatarnikova, V. V. Kolbanov, V. K. Zaitsev, S. V. Popov and others) tried to solve the problem health, formation of a healthy lifestyle in children. They developed and left numerous works on the preservation health.

IN last years there is a great interest in the problem of individual human health, which is confirmed by a large number of studies by leading scientists in Russia and the world.

The importance of the chosen topic made it possible to determine the purpose and objectives of the organization of pedagogical work on this experience.

Target: formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers through the use of specially organized forms training and implementation of innovative health-saving technologies.

Tasks:

To study and test a system of methods and techniques aimed at the formation of an understanding of health among preschoolers as the most important value;

Embed in educational process modern health technologies contributing to the preservation and strengthening children's health;

form children need for healthy lifestyle;

Create conditions for interaction with the families of pupils to introduce them to healthy lifestyle; involve parents in educational process aimed at formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle.

Novelty (innovation) presented pedagogical experience.

Novelty experience is to implement innovative health-saving technology throughout your stay preschooler in kindergarten:

Implementation of innovative health-saving technologies(sand therapy, relaxation, fairy tale therapy, communication games, cryotherapy, Marbles stones);

The use of valeological methods of training, development for motivation to healthy lifestyle;

Use of ICT to better demonstrate benefits healthy lifestyle;

Education and training must become in truth « health preserving» .

Modern preschool institutions can and should have a significant impact on recovery children in the process of education and upbringing, as well as for the entire child's lifestyle. An important condition for successful health care work children is the understanding that « healthy lifestyle» should be style life.

Technology experience.

"Baby is so real

that everything in him is formed under the influence of actions,

which he sees, repeating what

that in fact he notices himself around,

he develops his habits from this,

under the influence of this, his type is formed ”

P. Lesgaft.

In accordance with the Law "About education in Russia» health children is one of the priority areas of state policy in the field of education. Therefore, each teacher faces questions:

How to effectively organize educational - educational process without compromising the health of preschoolers?

How to develop children's interest in physical activity, the need for healthy lifestyle?

Helped me answer these questions. work on self-education on the topic« Formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers».

Within the framework of this topic in 2011. I was developed a program"Safe health» , the purpose of which is to form the need for a healthy and safe lifestyle in preschool children.

Job was built taking into account the diagnostics, which includes the following sections healthy lifestyle:

Personal hygiene;

Optimal driving mode;

healthy eating;

hardening;

I am human. (Annex 1)

After analyzing these diagnostic results, I was convinced that expediency chosen topic and the need to organize a targeted work with children, because the children had some knowledge that was acquired as they accumulated life experience: in cognitive and motor activities, when communicating with adults, but this knowledge is superficial, not deep, a high level was almost absent.

Basically, children interpreted the concept « health» like a state recovery after illness, could not name the causes of diseases, had partial ideas about body parts and their functions. But the kids are fine formed cultural and hygienic skills, they have ideas about the daily routine, good habits. Since children should receive not only theoretical knowledge about healthy lifestyles, but also practical skills, I decided to conduct work in this direction in the process of specially organized training, joint activities teacher with children, independent activities of children.

system work built taking into account age, psychophysical and psychological characteristics children preschool age.

IN work adhere to the following principles:

Availability (taking into account age characteristics, adapting the material to age);

Systematic (repetition of learned rules and norms);

Subsequence (from simple to complex);

visibility (taking into account the peculiarities of thinking);

Dynamism (integration of the program into various activities);

Differentiation (creation of a favorable environment for the assimilation of the norms and rules of a healthy lifestyle by each child);

Job with children involves various forms, means and methods formation of ideas about healthy lifestyle. Main forms are: classes, leisure, regime moments, sports competitions, holidays.

Specially organized training is a cognitive class, they are included in the section "Cognitive Development" 1 time per month. Goes to class formation children's ideas about a person, his body and health, dependencies human health from lifestyle about safe behavior in everyday life and nature. I introduce children to elementary knowledge about the external structure of a person, internal organs, and the basics of first aid. When getting to know the human body, I try to bring children to the understanding that people should take care of their bodies.

I have conversations with children Topics: "If you want to be healthy» , "Our Faithful Friends", "Cleanliness is a guarantee health» and others.

During the day with children I use different types games: mobile, role-playing, didactic, as well as games with massage elements. Outdoor games help to bring up the activity, independence, initiative of children. They allow you to optimally alternate the intellectual and physical activity of children during the day.

When playing games with elements of massage, there is a targeted effect on biologically active points of the skin, but the child is not just « works» but plays with his body. He crumples, smoothes, "sculpts" his body, like a sculptor, as if re-creating it according to the laws of beauty. When a child sculpts a beautiful face, he strokes his forehead, cheeks, wings of the nose so that the skin is elastic, presses the active points of the bridge of the nose, the middle of the eyebrows with his fingers, smoothes his eyebrows, eyes, pats his cheeks, twitches his nose. Full confidence that he is really creating something new and beautiful contributes to the development of a feeling of love for his own body, an attentive and careful attitude towards it.

One of the non-traditional methods recovery is the use of Marbles pebbles.

The goal of playing with Marbles is physical and mental development. Job with pebbles causes positive emotions, joy, a smile in children. Also, these bright assistants will help restore their psycho-emotional state.

Tasks:

form and fix the correct grip of the ball;

Exercise in a consistent change in the tone of the muscles of the child's hand;

Develop fine motor skills.

In his work i use stones "Marbles" for hand massage water:

Rolling between the palms;

Rolling between fingers;

rolling on back side right hand with left palm and vice versa;

Shifting with two fingers of both hands from one basin to another.

For the interest of children, each game is accompanied by an artistic word. For example:

Small pebble

I roll circles with a ball, (pebble between palms)

I drive him back and forth, (change hands)

I will stroke them palm,

It's like I'm sweeping a crumb (change hands)

And squeeze it a little

How a cat squeezes its paw, (change hands)

I will press with each finger.

In a board game "Valeology" I fix hygiene rules with children that help save teeth, ears, eyes healthy, discuss the actions of children, find out the causes of the disease, give examples from our own life.

Children should freely express their emotions, be able to communicate in a team. In role-playing games, communication with peers is manifested, personality is improved, a situational business form is being formed communication with other children. Through play exercises, I teach children to recognize emotions. Joy - « New toy» , "A good mood", astonishment - "Mirror", anger - "Pugnacious Sparrows", guilt, shame - "Broken Vase", fear - "Fishermen and fish". Mimic and pantomimic movements are practiced in dramatizations, dramatization games.

The use of relaxation exercises helps to relieve tension from the muscles of the face, arms, legs, torso. Communication games "Ship and Wind", "Butterfly", "Storm", "Ant" develop emotional sphere child.

The education of cultural and hygienic skills in regime moments provides for formation habits to properly wash, dry, take care of the oral cavity, use a handkerchief, behave correctly when coughing, sneezing. Each regime moment for me is a temporary reference point for a gradual change of activity. At the same time it is a system original recreational and educational activities with children. For children, this is simply a necessary and exciting activity, as a result of which my pupils begin to realize: why you need to wash your face, brush your teeth, wash your hands, why you need sleep and exercise, walks, why you need to stand and sit straight, eat carefully, use a napkin, rinse your mouth. To consolidate knowledge about healthy lifestyles, I use ICT (presentations, cartoons "Moydodyr", "Oh and Ah", "Dirty Girl").

Hardening is an important means of strengthening health and is a specific system that is simple to implement and meets individual characteristics children's health and development. In my group, I use the following hardening methods How: sucking on frozen cranberries, massaging the foot and walking barefoot on massage mats in the group room, walking barefoot on wet paths, wearing lightweight clothes during daytime sleep.

An innovative find was the use of one of the non-traditional health-saving technologies - cryotherapy (games with ice). These games require a container in which you can put small toys and mix them with ice to make it more interesting for the child to touch the pieces of ice and find toys there. For safety, it is better to use ice balls, as they do not have sharp edges. You can also make colored ice. But it should be remembered that cryotherapy, like any hardening measures, is carried out according to a certain scheme and has its own contraindications. To have wellness effect on the body exposure to cold should be dosed and carried out periodically. Cryotherapy is carried out scheme: one procedure in 1-2 days within a month. The effect of ice on the child's body should be started from 10-15 seconds, gradually adding the exposure time. Such an organization of hardening does not require special conditions, time. And most importantly, the systematic, daily implementation of tempering procedures becomes a norm of behavior for the child, a need.

In joint activities with children, we consolidate knowledge about health through productive activity (sculpting, application, drawing): "Vegetables and fruits - healthy foods» , "Hygiene Items", « Winter walk» , "Get on the charger!" etc.

Leisure, joint holidays health, theatrical performances contribute to the creation of conditions for children's emotional perception of information about healthy lifestyles, to consolidate the ideas received and their systematization: "Let's help the doll Andryusha", "Visiting the Fairy of Purity", "Journey through the stations health» , “The good doctor Aibolit will heal us, heal us!”.

The walks include: wellness activities - outdoor and sports games, physical education, in the warm season - water games, cryotherapy, self-massage, walking barefoot on the sand.

Children's fiction contributes to the development of cognitive interest in a person, his health. Children enjoy listening and discussing fairy tales "Magic walrus", "Cold and health» , "Save Veronica", learn poems, guess riddles, get acquainted with proverbs and sayings. A conversation with children after reading a book deepens its educational impact, children establish a connection between the story and their own. experience, make simple generalizations.

Working on this topic, collected material for use health-saving technologies, developed file cabinets of games and exercises, released folders - movers, compiled memos for parents.

In progress work accumulated a certain experience shared with teachers on the issue formation of a healthy lifestyle culture among preschoolers at teachers' councils, seminars, RMS, open classes.

Through the methodological "Kaleidoscope of projects" presented a project on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children"Your food and health» , made a presentation for educators on the topic "Northern outdoor games". Together with a cognitive development teacher developed and held a seminar - workshop "Integration of motor, game and cognitive activities in physical education classes."

No one doubts that the teacher alone can achieve the solution of all tasks aimed at strengthening health child and his physical education, is almost impossible. Therefore, one of the main directions health work with children is joint Job with the family in addressing issues of strengthening health.

For this, I used various forms:

group parenting meetings: « Children's health is in our hands» , "Let's strengthen health in the conditions of kindergarten ";

Questionnaire « Your child's health» , "Family and healthy lifestyle";

Joint promotions: sports activities, days health.

Folders - sliders, booklets from the series "Steps health» ;

Children's exhibitions works on art activities on the topic of healthy lifestyle;

"Library"- special literature on health to inform parents

Joint production of non-standard equipment, attributes;

Along with educational work involved parents in educational process. As part of "Open day" parents were present during the educational activities: "Be healthy!» , "Land of Happiness", the purpose of which is to introduce children to the senses, their meaning for a person; formation concept of addiction health, about motor activity, hardening, hygiene and cleanliness; nurturing the desire to take care of one's own health.

Sports events were organized and held together with parents. entertainment: "Mom and I - sport family» , "Good Soldiers", leisure "Meet the Clown", "The whole family to the start" (by ski).

In the family, in communication with parents, children receive the first lessons life. As a result of the child's communication with close adults, he acquires action experience, judgments, assessments, which is manifested in his behavior. Great importance have positive examples of father and mother behavior, like role model, as well as the parent word, as a method pedagogical impact. The main thing is that the words of the parents, their example, real manifestations, as well as the assessments of the children's behavior coincide and thereby reinforce the child's ideas about what "What is good and what is bad". Therefore, I explain to parents that at home it is important to reinforce the requirements for children with personal behavior, specifically to demonstrate samples hygiene culture, to achieve unity in the approach to the child. And thanks to this close cooperation preschoolers master basic cultural and hygienic skills (washing, brushing teeth, food culture, personal safety rules, as well as the basic rules healthy lifestyle.

Conclusion.

Working in kindergarten, and organizing classes and various activities with children to formation children's ideas about healthy lifestyle I realized how important and relevant it is today. The main task is to prevent a decrease in the existing level child health. It can be done only if there is a well-thought-out system, including recreational activities, hygienic regime, psychological climate, individualization of all regime moments. non-traditional forms of work in kindergarten, traditional ones are not denied, but they are improved, modernized, supplemented. And they were created this moment according to the requirements of the times. Which corresponds to the tasks set at the state level, as evidenced by the concept of modernization education. When you use your work something new, interesting - you get carried away yourself, and, accordingly, you captivate children, and when this activity brings a tangible, visible result, it is doubly interesting and exciting

The experience helped to take a fresh look at the problem formation of a healthy lifestyle. Further work on the topic« Formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children» will be continued.

Literature:

1. Alyamovskaya V. G. "How to educate healthy child » M.; 1993

2. Vlasenko N. E. 300 outdoor games for preschoolers M. ; 2011

3. Education of values healthy lifestyle in children 3-7 years old: planning, classes, games / ed. - comp. M. R. Yugova. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2015.

4. Vavilova E. N. Develop preschoolers agility, strength, endurance. - M.: Enlightenment, 1981.

5. Glazyrina L. D. "Physical Culture preschoolers» "Vlados" M.; 2001

6. healthy baby: Program recovery children in preschool / ed. Z. I. Beresneva. - M.: TC Sphere, 2004.

7. Kartushina M. Yu. Green light health: Program health improvement of preschoolers. - M .: TC Sphere, 2009.

8. Basics of safe behavior preschoolers: classes, planning, recommendations / ed. - comp. O. V. Cheremshantseva. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

9. Poltavtseva N. V. We attach preschoolers to a healthy lifestyle. – M.: TC Sphere, 2012.

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND LAW (Kazan)

Faculty of Psychology

Department of Pedagogical

psychology and pedagogy

FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Course work

Direction of training "Pedagogical education"

Profile « preschool education»

Fulfilled: student 932 - U

Correspondence department

Latypova Madina Firgatovna

Scientific director :

Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor

Tertychnaya Vasilisa Vladimirovna

Kazan-2015

Content

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….3

1.Theoretical foundations for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children

preschool age………………………………………………………….7

1.1. The essence of the concepts of "health" and "healthy lifestyle"………………7

1.2. Age features of the formation of a healthy image

preschoolers……………………………..…………………………………....11

1.3. Tasks, content and forms of organization of familiarization of preschoolers

with the basics of a healthy lifestyle……………….………………………...15

2. Organization of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of preschoolers in a preschool institution………………………………..….25

2.1. The state of work in the preschool educational institution on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers……………………………………………………………………..25

2.2. Organization of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children

senior group…………………………….…………………………………..32

2.3. The results of experimental work…………………………………...39

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….42

References…………………………………………………………………45

Appendix……………………………………………………………………..47

Introduction

To date, in accordance with the federal state requirements, the direction "Physical development", including educational areas"Health", "Physical culture" occupies a leading place in the educational process of preschoolers. And this is no coincidence. The latest data from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation: according to statistics, the 21st century began in Russia with a sharp deterioration in such a significant indicator as the health of a preschooler. The number of healthy children decreased by 8.1%. By 6.75% - The number of children with disabilities in physical development, predisposition to pathology has increased. The number of children of the 3rd health group with severe deviations and chronic diseases increased by 1.5%. Vera Alyamovskaya, an innovative teacher in preschool education on the health problems of a modern child, notes: “Although for many years the need for an integrated approach to improving children's health has been preached in the practice of preschool education, this problem has not yet been properly resolved.”

Every year the percentage of children with deviations in health increases, there is a tendency for a continuous increase in the overall level of the disease among preschool children. This is due to many negative phenomena of modern life: difficult socio-economic conditions, environmental problems, low level of development of the institution of marriage and family; mass distribution of alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction; weak health care system and educational base of the educational institution and family. The well-being of society as a whole depends on the level of the mental and physical condition of the population, on the state of its health, therefore the problem of forming children's ideas about a healthy lifestyle of children seems to be relevant in modern society..

The attitude of the child to his health is the foundation on which it will be possible to build the need for a healthy lifestyle. This need arises and develops in the process of a child's awareness of himself as a person and personality. The child's attitude to health directly depends on the formation of this concept in his mind.

The basics of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children are determined by the presence of knowledge and ideas about the elements of a healthy lifestyle (compliance with the regimen, hygiene procedures, physical activity), and the ability to implement them in behavior and activities in ways accessible to the child (brush teeth, wash hands, do exercises). ) .

Modern society is distinguished by a variety of examples of human lifestyles that every child constantly encounters. This diversity is not always a model for a child; as a result, chaos is created in the child's ideas about a healthy lifestyle and already established ideas are destroyed. Today, the problem of forming ideas about a healthy lifestyle (HLS) is being considered at the state level in connection with the negative trend towards the deterioration of the health status of all socio-demographic groups of the population of Russia, and especially children of preschool and school age.

The studies of A.A. Bodaleva, A.L. Venger, V.D. Davydova, M.I. Lisina, V.A. Slastenina, E.O. Smirnova. Analysis of the works of V.A. Derkunskaya, S.A. Kozlova, L.G. Kasyanova, O.A. Knyazeva, I.M. Novikova et al. shows that already at preschool age, a child develops a steady interest in his health, a careful attitude to his body (life, health) as a value.

Despite numerous studies, the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers requires further study, the search for new approaches to the implementation of the tasks of forming a healthy lifestyle for preschool children in the practice of preschool educational institutions, which determines the choice of the topic of the course work.

Purpose of the study - studying the features of the formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschool children in a preschool educational institution.

Object of study - ideas about a healthy lifestyle in preschool children.

Subject of study - the process of forming a healthy lifestyle for preschool children in a preschool educational institution.

Research hypothesis : work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschool children in a preschool educational institution will be effective if we take into account:

Age and individual characteristics of children;

To create conditions in the preschool educational institution for the formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers;

To systematically and purposefully carry out work on the introduction of a healthy lifestyle with the families of pupils.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to decidetasks:

1. To study the theoretical foundations of the process of forming a healthy lifestyle in preschool children.

2. Reveal age features formation of a healthy lifestyle.

3. Consider the content and forms of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers.

4. Determine the criteria and indicators of the formation of a healthy lifestyle and experimentally test the effectiveness of the work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschool children in a preschool educational institution.

The structure of the course work: introduction; the main part, consisting of two chapters - theoretical and practical; conclusion; bibliographic list; applications.

1. Theoretical foundations for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children

1.1. The essence of the concepts of "health" and "healthy lifestyle"

The starting point for the definition of the term "health" is the definition given in the Charter of the World Health Organization: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

Health is characterized by biological potential (hereditary capabilities), physiological reserves of vital activity, normal mental state and social opportunities for a person to realize all the inclinations (genetically determined).

There are three types of health: 1) "individual health" (person, personality); 2) "health of the group" (family, professional group, "stratum - layer"); 3) "public health" (population, public).

In accordance with the type of health, indicators have been developed, through which a qualitative and quantitative characteristic is given.

Psychological health is also distinguished, which determines the mental, emotional well-being of a person. According to the studies of L.A. Abrahamyan, M.I. Lisina, T.A. Repina, “emotional well-being” of preschool children can be defined as a stable emotionally positive well-being of a child, the basis of which is the satisfaction of basic age-related needs: biological and social.

The term "mental health" was introduced by I.V. Dubrovina. It emphasizes the inseparability of the physical and mental in a person. A generalized portrait of a psychologically healthy person is a creative, cheerful, cheerful, open person who knows himself and the world around him not only with his mind, but also with feelings and intuition. Such a person takes responsibility for his life, is in constant development.

According to I.V. Dubrovina, the basis of psychological health is the full mental development of the child at all stages. The authors argue that psychological health should be considered from the point of view of the spiritual wealth of the individual, focusing on absolute values ​​(kindness, beauty, truth).

Human health is laid in childhood and, according to scientific research, it is determined by 50% - lifestyle, 20% - heredity, 20% - the state of the environment and about 10% - the possibilities of medicine and health care. important place in the preservation of health is physical culture and sports.

Since no existing definition of the concept of health is recognized as a reference, the state of human health is judged on the basis of objective data obtained as a result of anthropometric (physical development), clinical and physiological (physical fitness) and laboratory studies, correlated with average statistical indicators, taking into account gender, age, professional , temporary, ecological-ethnic and other amendments.

Currently, a “health metric” is being developed, i.e. quantitative and qualitative measurement of health. There are up to 5 levels of health (health rating: from simple survival to full healthy life(excellent health).

Determining the level of health is of great practical importance, because. allows you to solve a wide range of problems: from professional selection to the appointment of a rational mode of physical activity, nutrition, rest, etc.

Population health indicators include: fertility and mortality, disability and life expectancy, morbidity and stillbirth, etc.

Human health largely depends on the value systems existing in society that determine the meaning of life. Health is a personal and social value. The formation of such an attitude towards one's own health is engaged in a new branch of knowledge, called "valeology" - the science of health.

The concept of "healthy lifestyle" is not unambiguously defined: P.A. Vinogradov, B.S. Erasov, O.A. Milshtein, V.A. Ponomarchuk, V.I. Stolyarov and others consider a healthy lifestyle as a global social problem , an integral part of the life of society as a whole .

G. P. Aksenov, V. K. Balsevich, M. Ya. There are other points of view: for example, biomedical; but there is no sharp line between them, because they are aimed at solving one problem - improving the health of the individual.

A healthy lifestyle is “the result of the actions of many internal and external factors, objective and subjective conditions that favorably affect the state of health.” A healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite for the development of other aspects of human life, the achievement of active longevity and the full performance of social functions.

The basic principles of a healthy lifestyle are highlighted:

Rice. Basic principles of a healthy lifestyle

1. The creator of a healthy lifestyle is a person as an active being in biological and social terms (individually and socially useful spiritual or physical activity).

2. Refusal of bad habits (abuse of alcohol, smoking, drugs and toxic substances).

3. Compliance with the principles of rational nutrition (qualitatively balanced - proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, microelements and the quantitative and energy value of consumed products and energy consumption in the process of life).

4. Rational physical activity.

5. Compliance with universal human norms and principles of morality that regulate all spheres of human life, etc.

Currently, 16 healthy lifestyle programs have been developed that regulate almost all spheres of human life.

The purpose of these programs is “to create conditions for a long, full, full of impressions, emotions, joy of human life; prevent negative consequences - infection with venereal diseases, HIV, etc.”

The system of preschool education plays a great role in creating favorable conditions for the formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers, since, as noted by A.F. Amend, S.F. Vasiliev, M.L. Lazarev, O.V. Morozova, T.V. Poshtareva, O.Yu. Tolstova, Z.I. Tyumaseva and others, is not only a medical problem, but also a pedagogical one, since properly organized upbringing and educational work with children often, to a greater extent than all medical and hygienic measures, ensures the formation of health and a healthy lifestyle. Education, as a social way to ensure the inheritance of culture, socialization and development of the individual, is the hope of the state policy for the formation of an individual culture of a healthy lifestyle of the younger generation, as one of the main components of the national culture of a healthy lifestyle.

So, the state of health of children is now becoming a national problem, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children is a state task, the solution of which largely depends on the organization of work in this area in a preschool institution.

1.2. Age features of the formation of a healthy image in preschoolers

Preschool age refers to the so-called critical periods in a child's life. Throughout preschool childhood, there is an increase in the strength and mobility of nervous processes, the formation of higher nervous activity. Nervous processes are characterized by rapid exhaustion. Emotional overstrain is associated with an increase in the frequency of borderline states and neurotic reactions. It is no coincidence that at this age, parents and teachers often encounter such manifestations in the behavior of children as mood swings, increased irritability, psychomotor excitability, tearfulness, fatigue, and inattention when performing tasks. Children may experience the following reactions: they bite their nails, twist their hair, do not fall asleep for a long time, make erratic movements (swaying, bouncing, etc.).

During preschool childhood, “deep” changes in metabolism occur, which are associated with the maximum frequency of childhood infections and pose a serious danger to the health of the child.

In addition, this age period is the possibility of the formation and manifestation of all kinds of allergic reactions and chronic somatic diseases, mainly in children who are often ill and predisposed to certain chronic diseases.

But even a healthy preschooler needs careful care and participation from the adults around him. This is due to the fact that the health of the child is formed throughout his life.

The child's attitude to his health directly depends on the formation of this concept in his mind. In preschool children, the following age prerequisites for the stable formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle can be distinguished:

Mental processes are actively developing;

Noticeable positive changes in physical and functional development; children try to maintain and demonstrate correct posture;

Children of senior preschool age are able to independently carry out household tasks, possess self-service skills, make strong-willed efforts to achieve the goal in the game, in the manifestation of physical activity.

The physiological state of preschool children is greatly influenced by their psycho-emotional state, which, in turn, depends on mental attitudes. Therefore, scientists identify the following aspects of a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers:

Emotional well-being: mental hygiene, the ability to cope with one's own emotions;

Intellectual well-being: the ability of a person to learn and use new information for optimal action in new circumstances;

Spiritual well-being: the ability to set really meaningful, constructive life goals and strive for them; optimism.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that each age period is characterized by its own characteristics, which should be taken into account in the work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Children of younger preschool age understand what a disease is, but they still cannot give the most elementary description of health. As a result, young children practically do not develop any relation to him.

In middle preschool age, children form the idea of ​​health as “not illness”. They talk about how they were sick, they show a negative attitude towards the disease based on their experience. But what it means to “be healthy” and feel healthy, they still cannot explain. Hence the attitude to health as something abstract. In their understanding, being healthy means not getting sick. When asked what to do in order not to get sick, many children answer that they should not catch a cold, do not eat ice cream on the street, do not wet their feet, etc. From these answers, it follows that in the middle preschool age, children begin to realize the threats to health from the external environment (cold, rain, draft), as well as their own actions (eat ice cream, wet their feet, etc.).

At the senior preschool age, due to the increase personal experience health attitudes are changing significantly. But, at the same time, there is a confusion of the concepts of "healthy" - like "big, good" (that's great!) And "healthy" - like not sick. Children still correlate health with illness, but they more clearly define health threats both from their own actions (“you can’t eat dirty fruits”, “you can’t take food with dirty hands”, etc.) and from the external environment. With a certain educational work, children correlate the concept of "health" with the implementation of hygiene rules.

At the older preschool age, children begin to correlate physical education with health promotion and in its definition (as, in fact, adults) put the physical component in the first place. At this age, children, although still intuitively, begin to single out both the mental and social components of health (“everyone there was shouting, cursing, and my head ached”). But, despite the existing ideas about health and ways to preserve it, in general, the attitude towards it among children of older preschool age remains rather passive. The reasons for this attitude lie in the lack of necessary knowledge in children about ways to maintain health, as well as unawareness of the dangers of unhealthy human behavior for maintaining health. Unhealthy behavior in some cases brings pleasure (how nice it is to eat cold ice cream, drink a whole bottle of chilled lemonade, run through a puddle, lie in bed longer, etc.), and the long-term negative consequences of such actions seem distant and unlikely to the child.

A significant part of the self-protective behavior of older preschool children is determined by their ideas about health. With purposeful upbringing, training, fixing the rules of hygiene in everyday life, the appropriate motivation for physical education, the attitude of children to their health changes significantly. The formation of attitudes towards health as the greatest value in life (at a level accessible to children) becomes the basis for the formation in children of the need for a healthy lifestyle.

In turn, the presence of this need helps to solve the most important psychological and social task of becoming a creator in the child in relation to his own health and the health of those around him.

So, activity, curiosity, mobility, on the one hand, and on the other, the mobility of nervous processes, susceptibility to infectious and colds, allergic reactions in preschool children are important prerequisites for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, allowing you to acquaint and teach children the right attitude to their health and interaction with the outside world. At the same time, each age period is characterized by its own characteristics, which should be taken into account in the work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

1.3. Tasks, content and forms of organization of familiarization of preschoolers with the basics of a healthy lifestyle

The tasks and content of educating preschool children are multifaceted. A special place among them is occupied by the problems of forming a healthy lifestyle, because. The full development of the child depends on the effectiveness of solving these problems.

For each age group in the process of forming a healthy lifestyle, their own tasks are set.

Junior group:

1. Form an idea of ​​yourself as a separate person; learn how to take care of yourself and the world around you; show models of social behavior.

2. Introduce the rules for performing physical exercises (attentively listen to the signal, wait for each other, do not push, coordinate your actions with the actions of your partner, control and coordinate movements).

3. Talk about the rules of conduct on the city street: cross the street at the green color of the traffic light only by the hand with an adult, move on the right side of the sidewalk, do not bump into passers-by, carefully look under your feet and forward.

4. Talk about the sources of danger in the apartment and group room; clarify the "no" rule.

5. Talk about the rules of conduct at the table; introduce objects and actions related to the implementation of hygiene processes: washing, bathing, body care, appearance, cleanliness of the home.

Middle group:

1. Continue to identify your name with yourself; familiarize with the external parts of the body; to give an idea of ​​the ways of expressing one's states with the help of facial expressions and gestures); appreciate your body know the basic rules for caring for him; to establish connections between the structure of the organ and its purpose, between their condition and ways of taking care of themselves and the world around them. Learn to dress and undress independently, fasten buttons, lace up shoes, neatly fold and put away clothes in place; politely seek help from a peer or adult.

2. Continue to form a stable habit of physical activity; to tell that a person is a living organism, in order to live, it is necessary to actively move, for this purpose the human organs are intended: legs, arms, torso, head. Talk about health (how you can know and change yourself, how to find your path to health); to acquaint with the prevention of diseases: self-massage, hardening, proper breathing, alternation of active movement and rest.

3. With the help of an adult, establish a connection between the actions performed, habits and the state of the body, mood, well-being. "I will run like a dad to get healthy and strong." “I brush my teeth properly every day, which means they won’t hurt me.”

4. To develop perseverance, purposefulness in taking care of your body, physical culture and health activities.

5. Talk about the Rules of the road.

6. Talk about the rules of first aid for injuries and frostbite: the face is frozen in the cold - rub it easily with a scarf, but not with snow; cold feet - jump, move your fingers; wet your feet - change into dry clothes.

7. Talk about the culture of food, the rules of conduct at the table, the sequence of dressing, washing, hygiene rules; teach rational ways of self-care. Learn to wash your hands, face, neck; after washing, wash off soap suds from the sink, faucet.

8. Tell how to sit down at the table, use a fork, spoon correctly, eat carefully, do not rush, do not be distracted, do not play with cutlery, do not stuff your mouth, do not talk with your mouth full, do not slurp, take bread, cookies from a common plate, but do not change what is taken; do not interfere with other children; use a napkin, calmly leave the table, say “thank you”.

9. Talk about germs, prove the need to use soap and water. Teach them to take care of the health of others: when sneezing and coughing, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief; if you get sick, do not go to kindergarten.

Senior group :

1. Expand the child's knowledge about himself, his name, surname, age, hereditary characteristics of the body, physique, gait, reactions to certain foods; to tell what the heart is for, why it beats, what ears and eyes are for, how we move, breathe, communicate with other people. represent in general terms the development of man; infant, preschooler, student, mother (dad), grandmother (grandfather), to distinguish between gender by appearance (facial features, physique)

2. Take care of your body, be aware of the purpose of individual organs, the conditions for their normal functioning. “I have a wonderful assistant - a skeleton, it helps me stand, sit and protects the internal organs: the heart, liver, lungs from damage, so you need to take care of it, learn how to fall correctly on skis, on skates. Train, do gymnastics and exercise.

3. Responsible for internal organs, follow the basic valeological rules: help your heart with the work of all muscles, do physical exercises daily; help your lungs breathe fresh air, do not be lazy to walk daily in the park, on the site, sleep with an open window; help the work of the stomach and intestines, chew "33 times" each piece of food; help your brain think, think, protect your smart head from bruises, do good deeds.

4. To acquaint with different types of hardening, breathing, corrective gymnastics. By examples literary heroes show how to take care of your health, body. Talk about the mode of activity and rest, the need to plan your time, about health-improving gymnastics, a walk in any weather conditions, eating, sleeping with an open window. Consciously perform physical exercises, understanding their significance for health.

5. Tell that you can’t throw stones and snowballs on the street, walk near houses during snow melting (icicles, layers of snow can break off); animals must not be teased, one must beware of homeless dogs and cats. Do not eat unfamiliar berries, climb into reservoirs. Teach your child to anticipate the consequences of their actions based on different situations (if you are lost in the park, met with a stranger).

6. Talk about the rules of personal safety at home and in different life situations. Know that if the apartment caught fire, you must immediately leave the premises and call for help, and not hide; you can not play with matches and fire, touch the gas taps at the stove, turn on electrical appliances. Know the telephone number of the fire department - 01.

7. Form a system of ideas about the culture of human life; introduce the basic rules of etiquette, behavior, nutrition, communication at the table. Perform hygiene procedures, independently monitor the cleanliness of the body and home.

Preparatory group:

1. Form a positive assessment and self-image; pay attention to your appearance; answer questions (Do you like your name, would you like to be called differently? How? What is your full name, patronymic, and mothers and fathers? What is your family, your household duties?).

2. Tell about the ways of a person's careful attitude to his body, about the troubles that await a person who does not follow the rules of life safety. To acquaint children with the feelings and moods of a person, show how they are reflected on his face (fear, fatigue, resentment, joy, anxiety, surprise, cheerfulness, laughter, irritation, fear, tears, anxiety, despondency, complacency, friendliness, admiration, horror , interest). Talk about human health, about maintaining the integrity of organs.

3. Name the characteristic signs of a state of health and ill health, talk about situations that have occurred or may occur in violation of the rules, because of laziness, inability.

4. Talk about rational rest, develop a strong habit of sports, physical education, and exercise.

5. Tell what health, beauty, harmony and perfection, strength, grace are; understand the features of the functioning of the human body, the structure of the human body; actively use exercise.

6. Talk about the basic rules for the safety of behavior on the street and indoors.

7. Learn how to independently, based on a picture, talk about safety situations, how not to harm yourself and other people, why a person grows, why you need to take care of your body, be in harmony with yourself.

8. Talk about human qualities: accuracy, cleanliness, sociability, beauty, love, pugnacity, kindness, perseverance, politeness, good breeding, education, talent, strength.

9. In the process of household, play activities, clarify and systematize children's knowledge about healthy and unhealthy food; learn to keep things in order. To form an idea of ​​the rules of conduct at the table, personal and public hygiene.

10. Learn to serve yourself, exercise control over well-being after physical activity; independently follow the rules of hygiene, control the quality of washing hands, feet, neck; be able to rest, relax; eat correctly and beautifully, sit comfortably at the table, do not lean back in a chair, do not spread your elbows, use cutlery, and if necessary, carry on a conversation.

Such a differentiation of tasks guarantees accessibility for children and thus the creation of a favorable environment for the assimilation of the norms and rules of a healthy lifestyle by each child.

For the formation of preschoolers' ideas about a healthy lifestyle, special exercises are needed that strengthen the health of children, a system of physical education. For this, daily morning exercises are carried out in kindergarten groups, the purpose of which is to create a cheerful, cheerful mood in children, improve health, develop dexterity, and physical strength. Morning exercises and special physical education classes in the gym are accompanied by music, which “has a positive effect on the emotional sphere of the older preschooler, contributes to good mood children, forms their ideas about a healthy lifestyle.

Outdoor games are of great importance for the formation of preschoolers' ideas about a healthy lifestyle. They are held in groups, in special classes, during walks and in the intermediate intervals between classes. Outdoor games are necessarily included in music lessons. The games of younger preschoolers are organized by the educator; at an older age, such games are most often organized by the children themselves.

The process of forming preschoolers' ideas about a healthy lifestyle is closely related to instilling in them a love for cleanliness, neatness, and order.

In addition to daily morning exercises, special physical education classes are held with preschool children. Their goal is to teach children the correct execution of movements, various exercises aimed at developing body coordination and increasing independent motor activity. Classes are held in a special room, accompanied by music. All classes are conducted according to special methods.

The development of movements, the upbringing of the motor activity of preschoolers is carried out during walks. Most preschools have well-equipped areas where children spend time. Each walk can have a specific content. So, the teacher for a walk plans a series of outdoor games, a relay race, a collection natural material for further work with him in a group, competition, etc.

The formation of preschoolers' ideas about a healthy lifestyle is closely related to the protection of their life and health. The rules for protecting the life and health of the child are set out in special instructions and methodological letters for preschool workers. In the kindergarten, medical monitoring of the health of children is constantly carried out, preventive measures are taken to strengthen it.

Thus, the implementation of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children in a preschool educational institution is carried out through classes, through a regimen, a game, a walk, individual work, and independent activity.

The following methodological techniques: stories and conversations of the educator; memorization of poems; simulation of various situations; consideration of illustrations, plot, subject pictures, posters; role-playing games; didactic games; training games; fun games; outdoor games; psycho-gymnastics; finger and breathing exercises; self-massage; physical education minutes.

Artistic word, children's book - an important means of influencing children. Therefore, in addition to conversations and looking at illustrations and pictures, educators widely use fiction. A conversation after reading a book deepens its educational impact.

An important place is occupied by games, puppet and finger theatres, flannelograph, listening to audio CDs, etc.

When carrying out work, they use a positive assessment, praise, and encouragement. It is known that praise spurs on, and an angry word, on the contrary, offends.

A special place should be given to working with parents. The family plays an important role, it, together with the preschool educational institution, is the main social structure that ensures the preservation and strengthening of the health of children, familiarizing them with the values ​​of a healthy lifestyle. It is known that not even the best program and methodology can guarantee a full-fledged result if its tasks are not solved jointly with the family, if a children-adult community (children - parents - teachers) is not created, which is characterized by assistance to each other, taking into account opportunities and interests of everyone, his rights and obligations.

Practice shows that activities for the formation of the basics of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children during the day, a properly composed regime give their results: children are calm, active, there is no crying, excitement, children do not refuse food, they calmly and quickly fall asleep, sleep soundly and wake up cheerful.

Being indoors and outdoors in appropriate clothing, extensive washing with cool water, barefoot, sleeping with an open window, active exercise in the air - all these are hardening moments that are actively used in the work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

So, the process of forming a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers is associated with the formation of a habit of cleanliness, compliance with hygiene requirements, with a mobile lifestyle, ideas about the environment and its impact on human health. The formation of a healthy lifestyle is carried out in the process of classes, regime moments, walks, in the game, in work.

In the first chapter, the essence of the concepts of "health" and "healthy lifestyle" is considered, the age-related features of the formation of a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers are established, the tasks, content and forms of organization are studied. work of preschool educational institution on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children. The task of preserving and strengthening the health of children, familiarizing children with the rules of a healthy lifestyle, developing an understanding of the value of human health for their life activities constitute the main direction of the work of the preschool education institution on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children. The implementation of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children in a preschool educational institution is carried out through classes, regimen, play, a walk, individual work, and independent activity of children. The organization of work with parents is of great importance in the work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle, not even the best program and methodology can guarantee a full-fledged result if the family does not adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle.

2. Organization of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers in a preschool institution

2.1. The state of work in the preschool educational institution on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers

The practical part of the work was carried out in MBDOU No. 1 "Spark", p.g.t. Aktobe. In the process of experimental work, a series of consecutive experiments (stating, forming, control) was carried out, which were carried out during June 2015. – September 2015 In kindergarten 8 groups: 1 preparatory group, 2 senior groups, 1 senior group, 2 - 2nd junior group, 2 - 1st junior group. The study involved 23 children of the older group: 11 boys and 12 girls.

The purpose of the ascertaining stage of the experiment was to determine the level of formation of a healthy lifestyle in children of the senior group No. 5.

Research methods at the ascertaining stage:

Studying the conditions for the formation of a healthy lifestyle that exist in preschool educational institutions;

Observation of regime moments, gaming activities, behavior on walks;

Individual conversation with the children of the group.

MBDOU "Ogonyok" works under the program of the Federal State Educational Standard. To organize the familiarization of preschoolers with the basics of a healthy lifestyle in kindergarten, the following conditions have been created:

1) a music and sports hall, equipped modern equipment;

2) a sports corner in a group room; benefits that stimulate the active movements of children, contribute to the consolidation of motor skills mastered in physical education classes. Each allowance remains in the corner for no more than 5-7 days, while it arouses interest among children and is used correctly by them, and then is replaced by another;

3) sports ground (on the site of the kindergarten);

4) relaxation corner in the group room;

5) medical office.

One of the priority activities of the preschool educational institution is the protection and promotion of children's health. Health-improving, preventive and anti-epidemic measures are organized in the preschool institution, including: a system of effective hardening procedures developed for each age, taking into account the child's health group: contrast hardening of the legs; walking - salt hardening of the legs; contrast air baths; wet wipes; "Coast"; barefoot; acupressure; gargling the throat and mouth with herbal infusions; maximum stay of children in the fresh air; health-improving complexes: sauna - shower - phytobar; swimming pool - sauna - phytobar. measures to strengthen immunity during an exacerbation of influenza; vaccination of children according to the national calendar of preventive vaccinations. All children are vaccinated by age, in a timely manner; strengthening control over the sanitary condition in preschool educational institutions.

An assessment of the physical development of children was carried out. On the basis of anthropometric data, a conclusion was made about the state of physical development. On average, during the school year, children grew by 3-4 cm and gained weight by 2.5-3.0 kg

A special place was occupied by physical culture and health-improving work. In the system, hardening, morning exercises, corrective exercises, physical education, sports circle "Merry Physical Education" were carried out. In physical education classes, motor density was calculated. At the beginning of the year, motor density was 72-75%, at the end of the academic year - 80-87%. Physical minutes were also used during classes, physical activity of children in the fresh air was organized, and sports entertainment was held.

To implement the entire system for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children, a necessary part is work with parents. During the year, various consultations, parent meetings, committees were held, where questions about the health of children were a priority.

In April, an in-depth medical examination was carried out by narrow specialists (Appendix 1). The results were summed up on the state of children's health, the incidence and attendance of children were analyzed. A comparative analysis of all health-improving work with the indicators of the previous year was carried out.

There is a movement of children by health groups:

15 children moved from group 1 to group 2;

8 children moved from group 2 to group 1;

1 child moved from group 1 to group 3;

1 child moved from group 3 to group 4.

In the preschool educational institution, work on the formation of an idea of ​​a healthy lifestyle in children, on the education of good habits, physical education is carried out in accordance with the plan (Appendix 2).

An analysis of the environment and conditions, as well as the work carried out, showed that a lot is being done in a preschool institution to raise healthy, comprehensively developed children. Here they receive full care, rational nutrition, systematic control over development and health. In planning the work of the preschool educational institution, sufficient attention is paid to the tasks of forming a healthy lifestyle, physical education of children. For the improvement of children, modern health-saving technologies and methods are used. The living environment of children is equipped with a variety of sports equipment, equipment for outdoor and didactic games. Thus, the DOE created good conditions to solve problems of physical education and health improvement of preschool children. At the same time, an analysis of the health status of preschool children shows that more than half of the children (113 out of 210) have II and III health groups (93 children and 20 children, respectively). This suggests that the work on the formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers is fragmentary, aimed mainly at the formation physical education and sanitary and hygienic skills, which is an integral part of the work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle; its content does not create a holistic view of healthy lifestyle in children.

Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children.

To determine the level of formation of a healthy lifestyle, the following criteria were established:

1) children's ideas about health as a human condition and the impact of the environment on human health;

2) the relationship between health and lifestyle (knowledge of good habits and children's attitude to bad habits);

3) participation in recreational and hardening activities

In accordance with the selected criteria, the levels of formation of a healthy lifestyle in children of the older group were established:

Low level: the child has unsystematic ideas about the concept of "health" as a human condition, does not link the state of health with the state of the environment; does not deny bad habits; cannot talk about good habits, requires leading questions, does not like to participate in recreational activities.

Intermediate level: the child has an approximate idea of ​​the concept of "health", associates it with the human condition; has little idea of ​​bad habits; names good habits, with the help of an adult, reveals the relationship between health and the environment, the presence of bad and good habits, with the help of leading questions, names the conditions for a healthy lifestyle, participates in recreational and tempering mood events.

High level: the child has a clear understanding of the concept of "health" and associates it with the human condition, with the state of the environment; has a negative attitude to bad habits, confidently names good habits, understands their impact on health; adjusted to a healthy lifestyle; observes the rules of hygiene, neat, tidy, gladly takes part in recreational and tempering activities.

To determine the level of formation of children's ideas about a healthy lifestyle, a conversation was held (Appendix 3).

The survey showed that in the understanding of most children, being healthy means not being sick. When asked what to do in order not to get sick, 99% of the children answered "To be treated." Children realize that if you do not follow some rules (dress warmly when it is cold; do not sit in a draft), then because of this you can get sick. For many children, unhealthy habits seem very attractive: “I really like to eat ice cream, a lot”, “I like to drink juice from the refrigerator to keep it very cold”, “I like to watch TV late and sleep long in the morning”, “I always run on puddles because I like it, etc.

Among useful habits, children name: “do exercises in the morning”, “harden”, “swim like a walrus”, from bad habits children name: “eat with unwashed hands”, “drink beer”, “drink vodka”, “drugs”, “smoking”, “swearing is very ugly and insulting”.

Of the children surveyed, all children want to be healthy. 47% (11 children) like to run "chase", 39% (8 children) ride a bike, 86% (20 children) like to sled and ski in winter, 1% (2 children) go to gymnastics, 1% (2 children) go to the pool and “therefore they don’t get sick”, but only 22% (5 children) do exercises at home, together with their parents.

61% (14 children) of children believe that they lead a healthy lifestyle, 39% (9 children) answered the question “I don’t know”. Some children (34%) associate their state of health with environmental factors that affect human health: “you need to eat well so as not to get sick”, “products must be healthy, vitamins”, “you must drink clean water”, “air very dirty, so everyone gets sick”, etc.

Some of the children even name methods of treatment: “drink tea with lemon”, “eat garlic and onions”, “you need to eat more raspberries”, “you need to give injections”, etc. According to the results of the survey, the levels of formation of a healthy lifestyle in children of the older group were determined (Table 1).

Table 1

The level of a healthy lifestyle in children of the senior group No. 5 (ascertaining stage of the experiment)

Criteria

Levels (%)

Short

Average

High

Ideas about health

The table shows that 57% of the children in the group have a low level of a healthy lifestyle, 40% of children have an average level, and 16% have a high level of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, the majority of children in the older group have low and medium levels of a healthy lifestyle. According to the first criterion - 53% and 32%, according to the second criterion - 41 and 45%, according to the third criterion - 38% and 44%, respectively. Children of the older group do not have enough knowledge and ideas about the factors of harm and benefit to health, partially formed ideas about the importance of physical and physical activity for health, proper rest, proper nutrition, the importance of hygiene, the state of the environment, not enough formed ideas about maintaining health with the help of hardening and preventive measures, the use of healthy items and products.

So, a survey of children showed that children of the older group did not form an attitude to their health as a value, an understanding that health should not only be protected, but also strengthened, get rid of bad habits, and make friends with good habits. The results obtained showed the need for work to improve the level of formation of a healthy lifestyle in children of the older group.

2.2. Organization of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children of the older group

The purpose of the formative stage of the experiment is: to form in the children of the older group ideas about a healthy lifestyle as an active activity aimed at maintaining and strengthening health.

In the course of work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. Give children a general idea of ​​health as a value, teach them to take care of their health and take care of it.

2. To help children in the formation of healthy lifestyle habits, instilling and consolidating cultural and hygienic skills.

3. Expand children's knowledge about nutrition, its importance, about the relationship between health and nutrition.

4. Introduce children to the factors that affect human health (environment, sleep, physical activity).

For the implementation of experimental work, a subject-developing environment was organized, conditions were created that would help each child become physically and mentally healthy:

Gym area in the group room. The benefits that are available stimulate the active movements of children, contribute to the consolidation of motor skills mastered in physical education classes. Each allowance remains in the corner for no more than 5-7 days, while it arouses interest in children and is used correctly by them, and then is replaced by another. Traces, classes, lines are "lined" throughout the group room.

Sports ground (in the kindergarten area),

Relaxation corner in the group room;

The work also used the music and sports halls, as well as the medical office.

Favorable conditions were created for the classes in the room for games and classes:

Cross-ventilation was organized (3-5 times a day in the absence of children);

The air temperature in the group was maintained at 20-22°C.

In the work on health promotion and stimulation of motor activity, the following were used: physical exercises during morning exercises; outdoor games; gymnastics after sleep; - sports games, as well as tempering procedures: walks in the fresh air; water procedures (washing, washing hands, playing with water); barefoot; air baths.

The implementation of the daily routine was used as a means of forming a healthy lifestyle. The repetition of regime moments, the constancy of requirements ensured the strength of knowledge and self-service skills, and helped in the education of independence.

In the process of working on the formation of a healthy lifestyle, they tried to consolidate the basic hygiene skills in children, so that children would understand their significance and importance for health, and teach children to systematically perform them correctly and quickly. To develop them, the children learned to roll up their sleeves, lather their hands well with soap, rinse them thoroughly, wash their faces, wipe dry with a personal towel, and use a handkerchief. Not all children like to wash their hands, but in the process of work, an understanding appeared that hands are washed so that they are clean, there are no germs on them, and they also explained with examples that dirty hands are unclean, ugly, with such children I don’t want to communicate and make friends, they also explained that washing hands makes the body stronger, this hardening is a procedure that improves health. Many children did not dry their hands well after washing, leaving them half-moist. We talked with such children individually, explained that it is better to do it diligently and thoroughly, to wipe each finger - this is very useful, the hands will not freeze and the fingers will be happy with the massage. Cognitive activities and didactic games play an important role in consolidating the skills of washing, educating neatness and accuracy. In the formation of cultural and hygienic skills, such techniques as demonstration, explanation, direct assistance, encouragement, and individual conversation were used.

Also used non-traditional forms recovery: acupressure; breathing exercises; finger gymnastics.

To form the habit of a healthy lifestyle, it is important that the child understands the need for physical exercises, which include, among other things, morning exercises. Once or twice a week, gymnastics is performed to music, but breathing exercises are performed first. This type of hardening strengthens the entire respiratory tract. Its essence lies in the implementation of a set of playing exercises with the nose. carried out 2-3 times a day.

It is well known that mental work without regular and appropriate physical exertion leads to a decrease in efficiency, overwork. Therefore, in the process of classes and between them, physical education sessions were held to promote active rest and increase tone. Exercises for them were updated 1-2 times a month. I remember the first reactions of children to physical education. These were smiles and joy from the fact that during a serious lesson some kind of verbal game with movements suddenly begins. The children listened to the conversation about the fact that physical education sessions will help them grow strong, that adults in factories, factories, students in schools - everyone spends physical education sessions in order to have a little rest and start working with renewed vigor.

Hand massage was also included in the work, since the intense impact on the fingertips stimulates a rush of blood to them. This favors psycho-emotional stability and physical health, increases the functional activity of the brain, and tones the entire body. Finger massage was also used in the classroom, as well as physical education.

To form a healthy lifestyle for children of the older group, a cycle of classes was developed (Appendix 5):

Lesson 1. "Magic country - health." Purpose: to give children a general idea of ​​health as a value that must be constantly taken care of; educate the desire to take care of their health.

Lesson 2. "From morning to evening." Purpose: to introduce children to the daily routine. Show the importance of compliance with the regime in improving the health of each person. To consolidate the concept of the importance of the regime of the day. Raise the desire to adhere to the rules for its implementation.

Lesson 3. "The beauty of the body and soul." Purpose: To teach children the aesthetic perception of the human body. Show the importance of a healthy lifestyle for each of us. To reveal the importance of one of the aspects of health - spiritual beauty. Cultivate the desire to be morally and physically beautiful. Develop imagination, the ability to display what was conceived in the drawing.

Lesson 4. "Let's be slim and beautiful." Purpose: to explain to children the importance of the formation of correct posture for health. Show techniques and exercises for the formation of correct posture. Cultivate the desire to be beautiful and healthy.

Lesson 5. "So that you can keep your natural teeth longer." Purpose: To introduce children to the rules of dental care. Explain to children the need for constant care for them. Raise the desire to have beautiful and healthy teeth (Appendix 5)

Classes on the formation of a healthy lifestyle lasting 25 - 30 minutes were held 3 times a month in the group's premises, in the music and sports halls. one week, didactic games were selected on the topic of the lesson, in the book corner they laid out books, illustrations, consonant with the topics of the lesson, put up dummies of fruits and vegetables. After the classes, the children discussed for a long time, for example, why a person has a toothache, and what microbes and bacteria begin to live in the teeth if they are not cared for. During such conversations, they took the book “The Queen of the Toothbrush”, looked at the pictures together, then started playing shop, selling toothbrushes, pasta, talking about the usefulness of the paste, making advertisements, then the game smoothly flowed into the game “Tooth Doctor”. The children turned into caring moms and dads and with their kids - animals (bears, squirrels, bunnies, kittens) came to the doctor to treat their teeth.

In the classroom, children were also introduced to how the human body is arranged. In an accessible form, with the help of illustrative material, they talked about its main systems and organs, drawing attention to the need to listen to one's well-being.

Solving the tasks of shaping a healthy lifestyle in children in the course of work, we tried to take care of the health of the child himself, using health-saving technologies in his work: gymnastics for the eyes, wellness minutes, self-massage, acupressure, music therapy, etc., in order to relieve muscle and nervous tension, psycho-emotional tension, as well as health-improving and preventive action.

Carrying out work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle, they tried to explain that health depends not only on a person’s attitude to his health, but also on compliance with safety rules, that the lifestyle should be healthy and safe. Safety and a healthy lifestyle is not just the sum of acquired knowledge, but a lifestyle, adequate behavior in various situations, the ability to put into practice in real life acquired knowledge and skills. In the work on acquainting children with the basics of life safety, they partially used the program “Fundamentals of Safety for Preschool Children (ed. R. Sterkina, N. Avdeeva, O. Knyazeva), the methodological guide “How to ensure the safety of preschoolers” (ed. K. Belaya, V .Zimonina, L. Kutsakova). Life safety classes were held on the following topics:

- "Dangerous people, and who protects us from them";

- "Contacts with strangers and rules of conduct with them;

Where should children play?

The group also had a conversation on the topic “Poisonous mushrooms and berries”, from which the children learned that some gifts of nature cannot be eaten, they can be poisoned. And later, the Microbes and Bacteria class, in which the children looked at dirty water through a microscope, they began to take a very responsible approach to washing their hands and cutting their nails. The lesson “Vitamins in our food” contributed to the fact that children began to relate to food differently: now they are trying to eat salads, fruits, vegetables, and drink milk. After this lesson, the children gained an understanding that proper nutrition helps the growth and development of the human body, as well as maintaining health.

Of great importance in the formation of a healthy lifestyle is a positive example in the behavior of adults. This was taken into account in the work of the teachers themselves and set up the parents of the children for this - in consultations, in joint activities, in organizing various events. Work with parents had a preventive focus (Appendix 6).

In the course of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children of the older group, a set of measures was prepared and implemented. As a result of the work carried out, the children became more energetic, cheerful, less tired in the classroom, they had a meaningful attitude towards the world around them in terms of the impact on the health of air, water, and vegetation. Children began to pay attention to the fact that cars are not only a fast and convenient way to travel, but also a source of air pollution. Sympathy for nature and people appeared in their reasoning: “The smoke that cars emit destroys living trees, poisons the air, then trees get sick and people get sick too.” After a lesson about healthy and wholesome food, the children told their parents: “Mom, you don’t have to buy chips for me anymore. I won’t eat them, I want to be healthy and strong.”

So, the experimental work showed that the formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers is associated with the presence of knowledge and ideas about the elements of a healthy lifestyle (compliance with the regimen, hygiene procedures, physical activity), an emotionally positive attitude towards these elements and the ability to implement them in behavior and activities. in ways accessible to the child (brushing teeth, washing hands, doing exercises).

2.3. Results of experimental work

The work carried out on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children of the senior group No. 5 was aimed at cultivating a responsible attitude to their health and the health of others, teaching children practical skills through physical exercises, outdoor games, special classes to help their health, the ability to maintain vigor; good habits and formation negative attitude to bad habits, acquaintance with the use of physical exercises, acupressure, relaxation elements in managing one's health. On the basis of the classes, preschoolers developed responsibility, independence, observation, attention, memory, imagination, the impressions that they received when interacting with the outside world were streamlined, expanded lexicon, the skills of playing, educational and experimental search activities were formed.

The purpose of the control stage of the experiment: to identify the effectiveness of the work carried out on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children in the older group.

After the control experiment, the results were summarized (Table 2).

table 2

Levels of formation of a healthy lifestyle in children of the senior group No. 5 (control stage of the experiment)

Criteria

Levels (%)

Short

Average

High

Ideas about health

Attitude towards bad habits

Participation in wellness activities

The diagnostic results show that, on average, 11% of the children in the group have a low level, 17% of the children have an average level, and 66% of the children have a high level of formation of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, after the completion of the experimental part of the work, the level of formation of a healthy lifestyle in the children of the older group increased significantly, most of the children in the group - a high level (66%). Children with a low level of a healthy lifestyle are often ill children with whom it is necessary to carry out individual work.

For individual indicators of a healthy lifestyle, the results of the control stage of the experiment are as follows. More than half of the children of the older group have high indicators of health ideas (76%), 21% have an average result, children with a low level of a healthy lifestyle make up 3%. Attitudes towards bad habits have changed as follows: 57% of children understand the harmful effects of such habits on health, 25% of children partially understand, 18% of children do not understand the harmful effects of such habits on human health. 64% of children began to participate with pleasure in recreational and sports events(at the first stage 38%), 26% of children participate in their mood, 12% of children do not want to take part in recreational and sports activities, and participate in them only after individual work.

The results obtained show that there have been not only quantitative changes in the level of a healthy lifestyle, but also qualitative ones - children have become more active, mobile, more strict and follow the rules of hygiene not only in relation to themselves, but also to their comrades, to their parents. The conducted classes helped the children to get acquainted with the rules of a safe lifestyle, and therefore, on walks, in conversations, children began to notice dangerous situations - a pedestrian tries to cross the road on a red color, one of the children spoke to a stranger, the children warn him that to do so no need, etc. The results obtained show that the classes and activities have increased the level of a healthy lifestyle for children.

Conclusion

IN term paper the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle of preschool children is considered. Preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health. It is important at this stage to form in children a knowledge base and practical skills of a healthy lifestyle, a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports.

The first chapter discusses the theoretical foundations for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children. A healthy lifestyle is considered from two positions: as a factor of health, the full development of the child and as the main condition for the formation of healthy behavior skills in him. The implementation of work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children in a preschool educational institution is carried out through classes, regimen, play, a walk, individual work, and independent activity of children. The organization of work with parents is of great importance in the work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle, not even the best program and methodology can guarantee a full-fledged result if the family does not adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle.

In the second chapter, the practical significance of the developed system for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children of the senior group of the MB preschool educational institution "Ogonyok", p.g.t. Aktobe, organized a developmental environment focused on enriching children's knowledge about healthy lifestyles, stimulating motor and cognitive activity. The work took into account the age and individual characteristics of children. Every new day It started with morning exercises, She lifted everyone's mood and energized for the whole day, creates a good mood.

Important components of the experimental work were: personal hygiene of children; ventilation; wet cleaning; diet; proper washing hands; teaching children the basics of a healthy lifestyle.

In the classes "Starna magic - health", "Beauty of the body and soul", in the conversations "Why do we brush our teeth", "Hygiene of food intake" - children were introduced to physical culture, culture of behavior, personal hygiene.

Teach the children about the benefits of proper nutrition, indoor plants, teach them how to care for them. They explained to them that plants suppress the vital activity of dangerous microorganisms that increase the bactericidal energy of the air, plants organize the air, and we know that fresh air improves health and cures many diseases.

Diagnostics showed that as a result of the work, the level of knowledge in the field of a healthy lifestyle has significantly increased among children, their attitude towards their own health and the health of others has changed. In the course of observations, it turned out that children began to consciously relate to strengthening their health. Parents have an understanding that a very important factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children is the example of an adult. At parent meetings, consultations, they were taught to assess the health of the child, parents were advised literature, brochures. Recommendations and advice were drawn up for parents in the Health Corner.

Parents began to devote more time and attention to the formation of good habits in children, began to be more attentive to their behavior, trying to get rid of bad habits. Educational work among parents through the corner of information, consultations, parent meetings gave positive results.

Thus, it has been experimentally established that if: properly organize the development environment, take into account the age characteristics of children, involve parents in the work on a healthy lifestyle, systematic work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschool children helps to strengthen children's health, forms an idea of ​​health as a value, educates useful habits and skills of a healthy lifestyle, which confirms the proposed hypothesis.

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26. Yumatova, A.V. Formation of a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers / A.V. Yumatova // Preschool education. - 1996. - No. 3. - S. 12 - 14.

Annex 1

Analysis of the health status of children MBDOU No. 1 "Spark"

Year

2013

2014

2015

Amount of children

210

210

210

Number of people examined

210

177

210

% examined

100%

84,3%

100%

Number of children with health problems

114(54%)

48(23%)

27 (13%)

Number of children in dispensary registration

visual impairment

Hearing disorders

Speech defect

flat feet

Posture disorder

Allergopathology

Cardiovascular disorders

ENT diseases

Genitourinary disorders, pyelonephritis

CHBD

ZPR

Anemia

Bronchial asthma

Recurrent bronchitis

R- mantoux

100%

84,3%

100%

Health groups

1 group

113

121

2 group

3 group

4 group

Physical development

Average

114

120

Below the average

Above average

high

Low

Annex 2

Plan for the implementation of annual tasks for the formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle among pupils of MBDOU No. 1 "Ogonyok"

Forms of organization

Theme of the event

Deadline

Responsible

Annual task: Organize health-saving space as an environment for raising a healthy child.

Consultations

"Organization of a health-saving space"

"Social health of children"

"Game is a health-saving environment"

"Games-experiments in the education of a preschooler as a subject of health-saving activities"

"The influence of music on children's health"

"Interaction of teachers in the process of physical culture and health work"

October

November

November

November

January

January

Art. educator

Mubarakshina F.F.

Health workers

Educator Salun M.N.

caregiver

Tukhfatulina Z.M.

caregiver

Galiullina G.A.

Music director Sattarova G.S.

Ph / w instructor Latypova M.F.

Thematic check

"Organization of work on health saving in preschool educational institution"

commission

Mutual check

"Organization of outdoor games on walks"

Kindergarten teachers

Workshop

"Protection and promotion of children's health"

Senior teacher Mubarakshina F.F., group educators

Medical and pedagogical meeting

- "Adaptation of the child to the conditions of kindergarten"
- “Organization of a health-saving space in GROUPs for children early age»

senior caregiver

Teacher Kamartdinova O.A.

PPK No. 2

"Health-saving environment in working with children with OHP"

Specialists, educators of correctional groups

Pedagogical Council No. 3

« Creation of a health-saving space»

pedagogical team

Cooperation with parents

Meetings, consultations on the prevention of various diseases, sliding folders, Consultation: “The role of the family and kindergarten in shaping the health of children”, the newspaper “Friendly Family”, a questionnaire on introducing children to healthy lifestyles

In tech. of the year
according to plan

Imamova L.A., group educators

The work of the methodical office

Monitoring the development and monitoring of the development of the educational areas "Health", "Physical culture".

Editing monitoring criteria in accordance with the requirements of the Veraksa program "From Birth to School"

Replenishment of the mobile games folder

Conducting "Health Week"

During a year

Ph / w instructor Latypova M.F.

Senior teacher Mubarakshina F.F.

Kindergarten teachers

Ph / w instructor Latypova M.F.,

caregivers

Annex 3

Questions of conversation with children of the older group

1. What should be done in order to be healthy?

2. Do you do morning exercises?

3. Do you know what "good habits" are?

4. Do you know what "bad habits" are?

5. Do you know about the consequences of bad habits?

6. Do you lead a healthy lifestyle?

7. Why is it necessary to follow a healthy lifestyle?

Appendix 4

Plan of experimental work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children of the senior group No. 5

Month

Work with children

Working with parents

1.

2.

3.

4.

Lesson "Magic Land - Health"

Purpose: To give children a general idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhealth as a value that must be constantly taken care of.

desire to take care of your health. Develop imagination and the ability to display your idea in a drawing.

Conversation "Poisonous mushrooms and berries"

Purpose: To acquaint children with life-threatening plants and fungi, tell them why they are dangerous and about the external distinguishing features of such plants and fungi.

Lesson "From morning to evening"

Purpose: To introduce children to races

the order of the day. Show the importance of following the regimen in strengthening the health of each person. To consolidate the concept of the significance of the daily regimen. Raise the desire to adhere to the rules for its implementation.

Game-lesson "Microbes and bacteria"

Purpose: to talk about the impact of microbes and bacteria on health. Raise a desire to take care of your health, consolidate hygiene skills

Consultation: Healthy baby»

Exhibition "Games and toys aimed at strengthening the health of the child"

Continuation of Appendix 4

5.

6.

Lesson "Beauty of body and soul"

Purpose: To teach children the aesthetic perception of the human body. Show significance

healthy lifestyle for each of us. To reveal the importance of one of the aspects of health - spiritual beauty. Cultivate the desire to be morally and physically beautiful. Develop imagination, the ability to display what is conceived in the drawing.

Lesson "Vitamins on our table"

Purpose: To introduce a variety of berries and vegetables, talk about their usefulness, show ways to preserve vitamins.

Round table: "The game is a means of protecting the health of the child"

Consultation: "Modern technologies for maintaining and stimulating health"

Issue of the newspaper "Friendly Family"

7.

8.

9.

Lesson "Let's be slim and beautiful"

Purpose: To explain to children the importance of the formation of correct posture for health. Show techniques and exercises for the formation of the correct posture. Cultivate the desire to be beautiful and healthy.

Lesson "So that you can keep your native teeth longer." Purpose: To introduce children to the rules of dental care. Explain to the children the need for constant care for them. Cultivate the desire to have beautiful and healthy teeth

Sports and theatrical lesson "Bogatyr's holiday"

Purpose: to consolidate the skills of emotional regulation, develop dexterity, speed.

Advice: "How to protect a child from injury"

Parent meeting“We raise children healthy, beautiful, cheerful.

Annex 5

Abstract of the lesson in the senior group No. 5

Topic: "So that you can continue to keep your own teeth"

Program content:

- To acquaint children with the rules of dental care;

- Explain to children the need for constant care for them;

- Raise the desire to have beautiful and healthy teeth

Methodical methods: guessing riddles, using visualization, teacher's story, questions to children, teacher showing actions.

Material: a picture of a healthy and diseased tooth, a mirror for each child, pictures of the sequence of actions when brushing teeth, toothbrushes for each child,.

Vocabulary work: to activate in the speech of children the words enamel, dentist, caries, toothbrush.

Preliminary work:

Conversations with children about the need to brush their teeth and rinse their mouth after eating, looking at illustrations, a trip to the dentist's office.

Lesson progress

Educator: Guys, I want to give you a riddle that K. Chukovsky came up with. Listen:

Red doors in my cave

White animals sit at the door

And meat and bread - all my booty,

I gladly give to the white beasts.

What do you think this riddle is about? Right! White animals are teeth. A person who has healthy teeth can chew well.

The teeth are covered with enamel. She is very firm. But if the teeth are poorly cared for, then this hard material may not withstand. Holes appear in the teeth - caries. Look at the picture - a healthy tooth is shown on the left, and a sick one on the right. Tell me how they differ?

Guys, now I will give each of you a mirror. See if all your teeth are healthy, or are there sick ones? Guys, what should you do if you have bad teeth? If you find even a small hole on your tooth, you need to go to the doctor as soon as possible. If the teeth are treated in a timely manner, then you will not feel pain during the treatment at all. And now we will spend a wellness minute (invites the children to go to the middle of the group room and line up one after another)

1.

I suggest you guys I sneak into the winter forest

Normal walking.

2.

There are still not sleeping hares, There are snowdrifts to heaven.

High knee walking

3.

The winter forest is so dense, And the frost is so prickly.

Children rub their cheeks and rub their hands

4.

Let's run away from the cold
Let's warm our legs

Easy running Performed by soft springs

And now, children, quietly sit down in our seats and continue our lesson.

Which one of you has had your teeth fixed?

Who is not afraid to do this?

I want to read you a poem by L. Fadeeva "We treat teeth"

We are sitting at the office.

How terrible is this!

What kind of a dentist is he?

Is it not with a bone leg?

And isn't he sitting in a mortar?

Not ruffled?

Not angry?

The door opened softly,

The doctor - the queen has appeared!

She smiled at me slightly.

"First" I see a daredevil!

I was in the chair for two minutes!

Even three - with climbing if.

He suffered pain not just like that, but because

What a daredevil I am!

And who among you knows what else to call a dentist?

Do you need to go to the dentist if you think that your teeth are intact?

Children, even if the teeth do not hurt, they still need to be shown to the doctor: what if he notices the very beginning of a tooth disease? You must visit the dentist twice a year. Then your teeth will always be intact. What else needs to be done. To keep your teeth from hurting?

I will now introduce you to the rules that you all must know.

- Rinse your teeth with warm water after each meal;

- Brush your teeth in the morning after breakfast and before going to bed;

- Be sure to visit a dentist twice a year;

- Do not eat very hot and very cold food;

- Never chew on hard objects.

Children, you must always remember that you should brush your teeth only with your own brush, which should be kept clean, well rinsed. Store in a special glass with the handle down. Then the brush dries quickly, and this is very important, since microbes remain on a wet brush for a long time.

Guys, look at the pictures that show in what sequence and how to brush your teeth correctly. And now let's repeat the rules that help us keep our teeth healthy. (Invite the children to repeat the movements of the toothbrush in the same sequence as in the pictures).

Educator.

May you, my friend, longingly

Did not have to in his declining years.

Terrible false jaw

chewing lunch,

So that your native teeth

Could you keep it longer?

We need to clean them more often.

It is necessary to treat in time!

Now let's play one very interesting and useful game"" What is good and what is bad for teeth. "(Children stand in a circle) If I name what is good for teeth, you will smile. If I say what is bad, cover your mouth with your palm.

Teacher: Well done guys! If you follow everything that we have learned today, then your teeth will be white and healthy!

Appendix 6

Advice for parents

Topic: "How to form the foundations of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children"

The concept of "health" has many definitions. But the most popular, and perhaps the most capacious, should be recognized as the definition given by the World Health Organization: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or physical defects”

This definition is extremely difficult to apply to the health of Russian citizens living in conditions of economic instability and social tension. Taking this into account, the definition of health formulated by Professor S. M. Grombach as a “degree of approximation” to full health, which allows a person to successfully perform social functions, is more adequately formulated by Professor S. M. Grombach for modern conditions.

Important in this and other definitions of health is the attitude towards it as a dynamic process, which allows the possibility of purposefully managing it.

That is why any educational institution (primarily the Kindergarten) should become a “school of a healthy lifestyle” for children, where any of their activities (educational, sports, leisure, as well as eating and physical activity, etc.) will be health-improving and pedagogical. orientation and promote the education of their habits, and then the needs for a healthy lifestyle, the formation of skills for making independent decisions regarding the maintenance and strengthening of their health.

An integral part of any culture are traditions that have developed on the basis of long-term experience of group activities and are firmly rooted in everyday life, transmitted to newcomers to the team, social community rules, norms and stereotypes of behavior, actions, communication of people, the observance of which has become a social need for everyone.

The creation of traditions is a long-term process, sometimes requiring the change of more than one generation. After all, it is important not only to accumulate knowledge, but also to find practical and constant application for it at the level of natural needs, habits, attachments. It is not enough to know and understand, it is important to live it.

The creation of healthy lifestyle traditions is what should underlie valeological work in educational institutions, and what you need to strive for in the end.

Around children from early childhood, it is necessary to create such an educational environment that would be saturated with attributes, symbols, terminology, knowledge, rituals and customs of a valueological nature. This will lead to the formation of the need to lead a healthy lifestyle, to the conscious protection of one's health and the health of those around them, to mastering the practical skills and abilities necessary for this. Thus, the formed healthy lifestyle traditions become the property of the nation, the state, an integral part of people's lives.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle culture is the main lever of primary prevention in strengthening the health of the population through a change in style and lifestyle, its improvement using hygiene knowledge in the fight against bad habits, physical inactivity and overcoming adverse aspects associated with life situations.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that a person’s lifestyle does not develop on its own depending on the circumstances, but is formed purposefully and constantly throughout life.

Often, children have no interest in recreational activities. This is due to the fact that, firstly, recommendations on a healthy lifestyle are most often imposed on children in an instructive categorical form and do not cause positive emotional reactions in them, and secondly, adults themselves rarely adhere to these rules in everyday life, and children they see it well. In addition, the implementation of the necessary rules of a healthy lifestyle requires significant volitional efforts from a person, which is extremely difficult for a preschool child who has an insufficiently formed emotional-volitional sphere. Therefore, when working with children, it is important to remember and follow the commandments formulated by the brilliant Russian director K. S. Stanislavsky: the difficult must be made familiar, and the familiar must be made easy and pleasant.

Based on this, recreational and pedagogical classes should be systematic and comprehensive, evoke positive emotional reactions in the child, and, if possible, contain elements of a didactic game and motor exercises. In addition, the materials of such classes should be reflected in all regime moments of a preschool institution (training sessions, daily routine, physical education classes, educational classes, in general-scale events for the entire kindergarten).

You can't buy health, you can only earn it by your own constant efforts. But in order to preserve the health of the child, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all the adults around him (parents, educators, doctors, teachers, etc.) in order to create an atmosphere around him filled with the needs, traditions and habits of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, with early years a certain culture of behavior and an appropriate lifestyle is formed. The knowledge, skills and abilities of a health-improving nature, laid down in childhood, will become a solid foundation for creating positive motivation to protect one's own health in adulthood.

“I am not afraid to say again and again:
health care is paramountthe work of an educator.
Fromcheerfulness,cheerfulness of children depends
their spiritual life, worldview,mental
development,strength of knowledgefaith in one's strength."
V. S u ho m l i n s k i y

Currently, one of the priority tasks facing teachers is to preserve the health of children in the process of education and training. The formation of a healthy lifestyle should begin in kindergarten. Many ideas of instilling healthy lifestyle habits in children have proved unviable due to the inability to solve problems related to the family. This problem is exacerbated by the conditions of economic instability of society.

But the main obstacle is the lack of awareness among children about their health. Parents, schools, society have a need for his health, and all together we are trying to instill in the child our idea of ​​health. Therefore, in educational programs preschool institutions more and more sections devoted to the study of the human body, ensuring the safety of his life. Without excluding these approaches, we believe that the main thing is to help kids develop their own life guidelines in choosing a healthy lifestyle, teach them to evaluate their physical capabilities, see the prospects for their development, and realize responsibility for their health.

Is it possible at such a young age? It is possible under certain conditions. It is necessary to immerse the child in a specially organized living environment that forms the habits of a healthy lifestyle without declaring them by adults. The new organization of the living environment, the activation of prevention methods require the solution of not only organizational and methodological problems, but, above all, a change in managerial approaches to the health-improving activities of a preschool institution and a corresponding change in its structure.

To do this, it is important to be able to design the cognitive activity of children in the classroom, in everyday life and in the game. However problem field:

1. The need to cast cognitive activities into the system.

2. The need to replace the illustrative and explanatory model of conducting cognitive cycle classes with a problem-search one.

3. Search for emotionally attractive forms for children to receive information about a healthy lifestyle.

4. Search for methods and techniques that activate children's own cognitive activity.

5. Expansion of the scope of the content of classes.

As a result research activities according to the problem field was determined Objective- development of a system of cognitive cycle classes that influence the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children.

It is known that preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health. After all, it is up to 7 years that a person goes through a huge path of development, which is not repeated throughout his subsequent life. It is during this period that the intensive development of organs and the formation of the functional systems of the body take place, the main personality traits are laid, the character, attitude towards oneself and others is formed. It is important at this stage to form in children a knowledge base and practical skills of a healthy lifestyle, a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports.

The norm of life and behavior of each person should be a conscious and responsible attitude of a person to health as a social value. There is no doubt that the level and duration of a person's life, as well as the state of his health, are largely determined by the behavior model formed in childhood. And one of the sides of this process should be the formation of a culture of health, as part of the general culture of a person - the awareness of health as a vital value, the upbringing of a responsible attitude to one's health, the health of those around them and the natural environment.

Pedagogical idea

Develop a comprehensive perspective plan on the formation of a culture of health in children of senior preschool age, motivation for a healthy lifestyle, through physical and moral improvement, health promotion and the formation of responsibility in maintaining one's own health.

The habit of a healthy lifestyle is the main, basic, vital habit; it accumulates the result of using the available means of physical education of preschool children in order to solve health-improving, educational and upbringing tasks.

Therefore, the preschool institution and the family are called upon in preschool childhood to lay the foundations for a healthy lifestyle using various forms of work. And it is in a family, in a children's educational institution at an early stage of development that a child should be helped to understand the enduring value of health as early as possible, to realize the purpose of his life, to encourage the baby to independently and actively form, maintain and increase his health.

It is the kindergarten that should become a “school of a healthy lifestyle” for children, where any of their activities (educational, sports, leisure, as well as eating and physical activity, etc.) will have a health-improving and pedagogical orientation and contribute to the education of their habits, and then and needs for a healthy lifestyle, the formation of skills for making independent decisions regarding the maintenance and strengthening of their health. All the necessary equipment for kindergarten, playgrounds, which will contribute to the formation of habits for a healthy lifestyle, can be purchased on the website dobrina-shop.ru

This will lead to the formation of the need to lead a healthy lifestyle, to the conscious protection of one's health and the health of those around them, to mastering the practical skills and abilities necessary for this. Thus, the formed traditions of a healthy lifestyle become the property of the nation, the state, an integral part of people's lives.

Often, children have no interest in recreational activities. This is due to the fact that, firstly, recommendations on a healthy lifestyle are most often imposed on children in an instructive categorical form and do not cause positive emotional reactions in them, and secondly, adults themselves rarely adhere to these rules in everyday life, and children they see it well.

The federal requirements also note the planned final results of children mastering the main general educational program of preschool education, presented in the social portrait of a 7-year-old child: physically developed, mastered the basic cultural and hygienic skills, observing the basic rules of a healthy lifestyle.

Today under healthy lifestyle(Further healthy lifestyle) we understand the vigorous activity of those who want to be healthy, aimed at maintaining and improving health. The unity of the ideological, intellectual and physical components of physical culture should become the fundamental principle of its formation.

Components of a healthy lifestyle:

• proper nutrition;
• rational physical activity;
• hardening of the body;
• maintaining a stable psycho emotional state.

Initial knowledge and skills in these components, we must lay the foundation for a healthy lifestyle.

As a result of a scientific study of the problem of forming a culture of a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers, we clarified the goals, objectives and content of the work, and the adapted program was introduced into the practice of preschool groups.

The formation of children's ideas about a healthy lifestyle cannot be started without studying the level of children's ideas about a healthy lifestyle. For this purpose, a diagnosis of the level of children's ideas about a healthy lifestyle was carried out, in which 20 children aged 5-7 years took part.

The diagnostic results showed that, on average, 32% of the pupils in our group have a high level of ideas about a healthy lifestyle, i.e. they have formed some correct ideas about a healthy lifestyle, as an active activity aimed at maintaining and strengthening health. Their ideas are elementary, but holistic in nature, children show initiative and independence in carrying out recreational and hardening activities, appropriate the experience passed on by adults and transfer it to independent activities.

A large group (56%) are pupils with an average level of ideas about a healthy lifestyle: they have elementary ideas about a healthy lifestyle, they can show initiative and independence in the course of health-improving and tempering activities, but it is associated with their positive emotional and sensory experience. Preschoolers can partially appropriate the experience passed on by adults and transfer it to independent activities.

Children who showed a low level of formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle, and according to the results of diagnostics, 12% of them, as a rule, have fragmentary, unsystematic ideas about health and illness. They show independence and initiative in the course of health-improving and tempering activities on the basis of imitation of other children, partially appropriate the transferred experience, but find it difficult to transfer it into their own independent activities.

Thus, the diagnostic results showed that there is a need to organize work on the formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle in preschool children, because. the majority of children (68%) showed average and low levels formation of ideas about healthy lifestyle.

Main target work in this area - the creation of a stable positive motivation to preserve and strengthen one's own health; the formation of the psychological health of a preschooler as an important factor in human health in general; prevention of psychosomatic diseases.

The system of work is built taking into account the age, psychophysical and psychological characteristics of preschool children, based on the basic principles of psychology and preschool pedagogy.

A significant place is given to increasing psycho-emotional stability: elements of relaxation to the music and sounds of nature, learning to understand one's emotional state. In this regard, there are following tasks on the formation of the psychological health of children in our group:

• teaching positive relationships and acceptance of other people;
• learning reflective skills;
• formation of the need for self-development.

So, in the group for older children, I conducted:

• games and exercises aimed at getting to know the basic emotions of a person: Mimic gymnastics, Colorful water, Mood, etc.,
• games and exercises aimed at mastering verbal and non-verbal means of communication: “Broken phone”, “Guess”, “Through the glass”, etc.,
• games aimed at overcoming isolation, passivity, stiffness and motor emancipation of the child during communication: “Free dance”, “Depicting an animal”, etc.

To accumulate knowledge about health, acquire skills that support, strengthen and preserve health, I have developed cycle of cognitive activities for children "Our tradition is to be healthy", aimed at preparing the child to independently solve the problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior.

Compiled card index of didactic games that help children learn better educational material. Developed methodological materials aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle and a conscious attitude to strengthening one's health: minutes of health, minutes psychological relief minutes of respiratory and visual gymnastics.

In order to form a healthy lifestyle in the family, I actively use such forms as parent training, the exchange of family experience, round tables exchange of experience, presentations with discussion.

A major role in the work is given to the creation of an informational “Health Environment” (diagrams, drawings, stands), which not only directly, but also indirectly affects the formation of a child’s worldview.

Visual propaganda is widely used in the work - a health corner in groups, albums of individual work with children. In the group, healthy lifestyle traditions are gradually being created - health minutes in the classroom, health days in the preschool educational institution.

In my work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children, I managed to make parents my helpers and allies. They helped in the design of the health zone in the group and in equipping the sports corner.

The work done was aimed at forming the foundations for the healthy life of children in the family system - preschool educational institution, at increasing the psychological and pedagogical competence of parents, identifying positive experience family education and strengthening parent-child relationships. As a result, the children developed a value attitude towards their health, the health of loved ones and those around them.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle culture takes place throughout the entire time the child is in preschool:

• Regime moments: morning exercises, walk, diet, afternoon nap.
• Teaching and educational process: classes (gymnastics, cognitive part, relaxation), educational and educational classes (minutes of health, physical minutes, minutes of psychological unloading), physical education classes, music lessons (physical minutes, increasing psycho-emotional stability), speech therapy classes (physical minutes, vocabulary work ), drawing (physical minutes, increasing psycho-emotional stability).

Thus, an integrated approach is being implemented in the formation of a healthy lifestyle culture among pupils of preschool groups.

The program of health-improving and pedagogical classes with preschoolers consists of 6 blocks:

1. Know your body. In the classroom for this block, children receive elementary representation about the structure and functions of some organs of his body (heart, brain, bones, etc.), in addition, the influence of various forms of behavior on the work of these organs is considered.

2. Follow the rules of hygiene. Particular attention is paid to the formation of practical skills and habits of compliance with the rules of hygiene.

3. Say "NO!" bad habits. In the work on this block, psychological techniques are widely used; parallel to the prevention of bad habits is the consolidation of good habits.

4. Exercise. Together with children, the importance of movement for health, the benefits of outdoor games and sports are revealed.

5. Follow the regime of the day. The work is aimed at educating independence in the implementation of the main regime moments. This block also includes knowledge about proper nutrition, since eating is one of the regime moments in kindergarten.

6. Watch your mood sensor. Children get an idea about mood, emotions and feelings, about their impact on health. The main goal of the classes is to increase psycho-emotional stability. In working with parents, various tests can also be used to help parents determine whether they know how to take care of their health.

Diagnostics carried out at the end of the year showed that as a result of the work, the level of knowledge in the formation of a health culture has significantly increased among the children of the older group. In the course of observations, it turned out that children began to consciously relate to strengthening their health, and parents are more interested in studying legislative materials and developing a healthy lifestyle and physical culture in their families. The high level was 65%, the average - 35%.

The formation of attitudes towards health as the greatest value in life (at a level accessible to children) becomes the basis for the formation in children of the need for a healthy lifestyle. Considering that a child spends a significant part of his life in kindergarten, due to the specifics of our activities and opportunities, we bear more responsibility than parents for the emergence and development of this need.

A healthy lifestyle for preschool children is not only physical activity, but also a whole range of measures that should become priorities for the parents of the baby. Until the age of 7, a child goes through a huge development path, on which both his physical health and personal qualities are laid. They are interconnected with each other, which is why it is so important at the very beginning of life to form a knowledge base and skills of a healthy lifestyle in the baby.

Fundamentals of preschool health

For many parents, the formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers is limited only by the physical development of the child, while the baby's body is a complex system. The normal functioning of a young organism is ensured by the combination of several components:

• biological;
• mental;
• social.

These components interact closely with each other. A child's lifestyle is half of his biological health. However, the second half is influenced by factors such as genetic predisposition, the quality of medical care, and the state of the environment.

Often the biological health of a child directly depends on the lifestyle of his parents. The bad habits of dad and mom harm the development of the baby even in his intrauterine life. Negatively affects the development of the fetus and excessive physical activity of a woman during pregnancy, overeating, poor sleep, emotional overload.

If the ecological environment in which a child grows and develops cannot be changed by one person, then the mental and social health of the child is completely in the hands of his parents. The formation of a culture of health in preschool children should begin with parental example. A calm atmosphere in the family, an adequate response to emerging difficulties, helping each other - all this will become the basis for a normal mental development preschooler.

Social foundations of preschool child health and elementary school student are laid down in communication not only with parents, but also with friends. An unfavorable environment will negatively affect the development of the individual. Therefore, it is so important to find an environment for the child that would influence him positively. In addition, the baby himself must develop the necessary qualities for comfortable interaction with the people around him. This is the formation of moral ideals and values, as well as social adaptation. All this is an important component of the basis for educating a culture of health in preschool children. One of the best means promoting social health is a labor activity. It is the introduction of the baby to work that gives him a sense of need and belonging to society.

Physical development

The formation of healthy lifestyle skills in preschoolers cannot take place without a practical component. An example of a healthy lifestyle of parents is important, but the concept of a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers is unthinkable without the physical development of the baby himself. So far, he does not need sports loads, but a set of measures to strengthen his physical condition is necessary. The main aspects aimed at improving the health of preschool children include:

• motor mode;
• personal hygiene;
• hardening.

Games are the main way to keep a child moving. Strengthening exercise is important, but only a few minutes a day are allotted for it. The rest of the time the baby spends in games. However, a reasonable balance must be maintained between vigorous activity and rest. Therefore, it is better to alternate active and quiet games as well as outdoor and indoor activities.

Introducing preschoolers to a healthy lifestyle begins with short physical exertion. These are morning exercises, motor physical exercises that need to be done both at home and in kindergarten, exercises after daytime sleep. It is useful to carry out health-improving water procedures in the pool with the child.

Personal hygiene for the health of the child is extremely important. The kid at the very beginning of life must learn that the body needs to be looked after. This is important not only for the good condition of the body, but also for the health of others. The child must have personal items: comb, toothbrush, towel and handkerchief. From childhood, you need to teach him how to use these items correctly.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children does not pass without hardening, although many parents associate this procedure with the use of risky measures. However, hardening effective method prevention of diseases and strengthening of immunity. If you follow the basic rules of hardening, then the baby's body will gradually become more resilient to environmental factors. It is important to carry out hardening procedures regularly, especially in winter. The principle of gradualism is the main one. It will be possible to easily adapt the body to changes in the external environment if you increase the load gradually. It is also necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the baby. If he does not tolerate any procedure, then it is better to refuse it.

Health saving technologies

Today, in educational institutions, much attention is paid to the system of educational, health-improving, preventive and corrective measures. The use of health-saving technologies of preschool education is an important step in the development of a full-fledged and physically strong child. Such technologies are used in all types of activities. They are aimed at maintaining health and the formation of basic knowledge of healthy lifestyles in children. The following forms of health preservation and promotion technology are used in preschool institutions:

• dynamic pauses;
• finger gymnastics;
• gymnastics for the eyes;
• breathing exercises;
• invigorating gymnastics;
• outdoor games;
• relaxation.

Short dynamic pauses of 2-5 minutes are necessary for babies. They diversify activities and relieve stress. Short physical activity allows you to join in classes with renewed vigor.

Finger gymnastics in kindergartens is very important. If for schoolchildren the warm-up of the fingers and hands only relieves stress, then the kids during these short sessions improve fine motor skills, stimulate speech, and increase blood circulation. In speech therapy groups, such breaks between classes are simply necessary. Finger gymnastics can be done at any time. Recently, the technology of bioenergy plastics has become widespread in kindergartens. This is a combination of movements of the hands and the articulatory apparatus. This exercise helps to stimulate brain activity.

During activities that require a lot of visual concentration, it is necessary to pause and give rest to the eyes. Special gymnastics for 3-5 minutes will relieve tension from the eye muscles. useful to do circular motions eyes, look in different directions, into the distance and in front of you.

Breathing exercises have a good effect on the health of preschool children. It activates oxygen metabolism in tissues, normalizes the respiratory system as a whole. This type of pause is especially useful during physical exertion.

After lunch, it is useful to do invigorating gymnastics. It lasts only 5-10 minutes and consists of a certain set of exercises. This is a kind of morning exercise, but not so intense. You can start a set of invigorating exercises right in the beds. These exercises are aimed at correcting posture and flat feet. In many kindergartens, caregivers use a button mat. Children walk on it after sleep. This track is good for the health of preschoolers, it perfectly massages the feet and strengthens the muscles.

Outdoor games are an integral part of classes in preschool institutions. They not only improve the health of children, but also develop motor activity improve the psychological and physiological state of the body. Of course, after outdoor games, rest is necessary. During relaxation, the child can do self-massage. This procedure will improve blood circulation and will be an excellent prevention of many diseases. A good tales and pleasant music that complements classes will improve the psychological health of the baby.