Star News
Mnemonics is a method of developing the speech of children of primary preschool age. Mnemonics as a technique in teaching children connected speech Mnemotables of connected speech in kindergarten
Monosyllabic speech consisting of only simple sentences. Inability to construct a sentence grammatically correctly. Poverty of speech. Inadequate lexicon. The use of non-literary words and expressions. Poor dialogic speech: the inability to formulate a question correctly and in an accessible way, to build a short or detailed answer. Inability to build a monologue: for example, a plot or descriptive story on a proposed topic, retelling the text in your own words. Lack of logical substantiation of their statements and conclusions. Lack of speech culture skills: inability to use intonation, adjust the volume of the voice and the pace of speech, etc. Poor diction. Children's speech problems preschool age:
The ancient Greek patroness of memory, reasoning and all names was called Mnemosyne, it is this name that forms the basis of many definitions related to memorization. To date, such a direction as mnemonics for the development of children's speech has become popular. The method is based on the visual perception of information with the possibility of its subsequent reproduction using images.
Mnemonics, or mnemonics, translated from Greek - "the art of memorization." Mnemonics is a system of methods and techniques that ensure the effective memorization, preservation and reproduction of information. Mnemonics - helps to develop: associative thinking visual and auditory memory visual and auditory attention imagination coherent speech fine motor skills of hands
A mnemonic table is a scheme that contains certain information. The essence of mnemonic diagrams is as follows: for each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is invented; thus, all text is sketched schematically. Looking at these diagrams - drawings, the child easily reproduces textual information.
Stage 1: Examining the table and analyzing what is shown on it. Stage 2: Information is recoded, i.e. transformation from abstract symbols of words into images. Stage 3: After recoding, a retelling of a fairy tale is carried out, a story on a given topic. or reading a poem based on symbols (images), i.e. memorization method is being developed. The sequence of work with mnemonic tables:
Why do preschoolers need mnemonics? The relevance of mnemonics for preschoolers is due to the fact that just at this age, visual-figurative memory predominates in children. Most often, memorization occurs involuntarily, simply because some object or phenomenon has come into the child's field of vision. If he tries to learn and remember something that is not supported by a visual picture, something abstract, then you should not count on success. Mnemonics for preschoolers just helps to simplify the process of memorization, develop associative thinking and imagination, and increase attentiveness. Moreover, the techniques of mnemonics as a result of the competent work of the educator lead to the enrichment of the vocabulary and the formation of coherent speech.
How to use mnemonics in kindergarten? Mnemonics in kindergarten, as an effective method of memorization, is usually mastered with simple examples. To begin with, children are introduced to mnemonic squares - understandable images that represent one word, phrase, its characteristics or a simple sentence. Then the teacher complicates the lessons by demonstrating mnemonic tracks - this is already a square of four pictures, according to which you can compose a short story in 2-3 sentences. And, finally, the most complex structure is mnemonic tables. They are images of the main links, including schematic ones, by which you can remember and reproduce a whole story or even a poem. Initially, the tables are compiled by educators, parents, then the child can be connected to this process, so mnemonics will affect not only the development of memory, but also the child’s imagination, visualization of images. The main methods of memorizing mnemonics are based on associations, logical thinking, observational.
Examples of mnemonics for vocabulary enrichment. An example of mnemonics in a preschool educational institution can be tables built on the image of a sequence of processes of washing, washing hands, dressing, setting the table. To a small child it is difficult to remember the entire algorithm of actions invented by adults, therefore, visual pictures, deciphered in the classroom and independently retold, will allow the child, each time approaching the washbasin or locker with things, to easily reproduce the steps.
The following examples of mnemonics are stories on mnemonic tables. The teacher invites preschoolers to look at the table, then deciphers it. For example: “Winter lasts three months. It often snows at this time of the year. Snowflakes swirl in the air and cover the paths and trees with a snow-white blanket. The sun sets earlier in winter, so it gets dark earlier. Houses are heated in winter to keep people warm. Feeders are made for the birds at this time of the year so that they can eat crumbs. Pets hide in houses so as not to freeze in the yard. But boys and girls can play with snow in winter and make funny snowmen.” Then the children reproduce the resulting story, looking at the table.
Writing a story about winter. In winter, snow is everywhere. Trees dressed up as if in white fur coats. The sun is shining, but it does not warm. Frosty! Furnaces are heated in houses. People feed birds in winter, take care of pets. Children like winter activities: sledding, skiing, skating, playing hockey, snowballs. Children love to make snowmen and build snow forts.
In children: the circle of knowledge about the world around is expanding; there is a desire to retell texts, to invent interesting stories; there is an interest in memorizing poems and nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, riddles; vocabulary goes to a higher level; children overcome shyness, shyness, learn to freely stand in front of an audience. I believe that the sooner we teach children to tell or retell using the method of mnemonics and schemes - models, the better we will prepare them for school, since coherent speech is an important indicator of a child’s mental abilities and his readiness for schooling. Results.
Thus, a transition is gradually being made from the creativity of the educator to the joint creativity of the child with the adult. All work on the development of coherent speech in children is not limited to mnemonic tables. This is, first of all, as the initial, “launching”, the most significant and effective work, since the use of mnemotables allows children to perceive and process visual information, save and reproduce it.
Magazines "" preschool education"" 12 for 2000; 3,10,12 for 2001; 4.12 for 2002; 9 for Ilyin M.V. "Imagination and Creative Thinking". Series "Psychological Service". Bibliophile. M Visual and didactic manual Tkachenko T.A. "Compilation of descriptive stories according to reference schemes" Method. manual, picture set. Moscow: Book lover, Tikhomirova L.F. "" Cognitive abilities children 5-7 years old. M Yuzbekova E.Yu. "Steps of creativity" Playing place in intellectual development preschooler. M. Linka-press Sources.
Why do you think some children who have difficulty memorizing poems and rules memorize the plots of movies and cartoons so easily and quickly? Have you noticed that after explaining the material of the lesson, some children remember what was discussed, while others forgot? And listened, in general, attentively! And how to find something that looks like a hook that can hook knowledge and keep it in the child's memory? What can keep attention and make the process of memorization simple and effortless? Scene pictures come to the rescue.
What is mnemonics?
If the child is silent, show him the picture and he will speak.
Ushinsky K.D.
Mnemonics in translation from Greek is the art of memorization, the technology of memory development. This is a system of methods and techniques that ensures successful and effective memorization of information. Idea: a picture is invented for each word or phrase and the entire text is sketched schematically. Any story, fairy tale, proverb, poem can be "recorded" using pictures or symbolic signs. Looking at these diagrams, the child reproduces the information received.
Diagrams serve as a visual blueprint to help the child recreate what they hear. Such support scheme cards are very effectively used by speech therapists. Mnemonics and kinesiology (the science of the development of the brain through certain hand movements) were used by Aristotle and Hippocrates.
Teachers and parents involved with children can also use the mnemonics method when teaching retelling and compiling stories, when guessing riddles, when memorizing proverbs, sayings and poems.
K.D.Ushinsky wrote: “Teach a child some five words unknown to him - he will suffer for a long time and in vain, but connect twenty such words with pictures, and he will learn them on the fly.”
The method of mnemonic tables helps to effectively perceive and reproduce the information received.
As practice has shown, this technique greatly facilitates the search for and memorization of words, sentences and texts for children.
- are didactic material on the development of speech;
- they can be used to replenish vocabulary and develop speech;
- use in teaching retelling and compiling stories, memorizing;
With the help of mnemotables, you can solve such problems as:
- Speech development and vocabulary replenishment.
- Convert images to symbols.
- Development of memory, attention and figurative thinking.
- Development fine motor skills.
Using mnemotables in kindergarten
Often, teachers use the ready-made schemes of T.A. Tkachenko and the sensory-graphic scheme of V.K. Vorobyova, which they take as a basis, make their own changes and successfully use them for classes in kindergarten. The technique of mnemonics is a simple technique for the development of speech, which facilitates memorization and is realized through the use of mnemonic tables and graphic drawings. A mnemonic table is a scheme that contains certain information. Working with such tables is based on the principle "from simple to complex".
Mnemotables are very easy to make by yourself for classes in kindergarten on any topic.
For example, for the speech game “Like grandmother Natasha”, you can use the following mnemonic table for memorization:
Like grandmother Natasha (hold an imaginary handkerchief put on her head by the ends, speak lispingly, like an old woman)
We ate delicious porridge (join palms in front of us - make a “plate”, show it to everyone standing on the right and left).
Millet porridge with smoke (above the open palm of the left hand - “plates”, with the index finger of the right hand draw an imaginary smoke coming from hot porridge, the smoke rises, therefore the text is sung in a singsong voice),
Millet porridge with smoke (repeat the same movements, but already right hand- “plate”, left - “smoke”),
With bread (right hand in front of the chest, elbow laid aside, inner side palms looking down - "a piece of bread"),
With butter (cover with left palm) right palm- "layer of oil"),
With milk (connect wrists, fingertips and raised thumbs hands - "mug").
We took large spoons (clench fists, thumbs up, spread apart - two "spoons"),
They ate everything to the very crumbs (alternately with the right, then with the left "spoon" there is "porridge", bringing the "spoons" to the mouth)!
That's what porridge (make a "plate" again and show it to everyone standing on the right and left)
Grandma Natasha (take hold of the ends of the imaginary handkerchief again, speak in an old woman's way)!
(Folk words)
You can make a syncwine:
Porridge
Millet, with smoke
Cooked, ate, ate
They ate everything to the crumbs!
Tasty food!
Thus, it is possible to draw up schemes for memorizing poems and stories, proverbs and sayings. For example: If you chase two hares, you will not catch one.
It is very convenient to use the method of mnemonic tables when compiling descriptive stories.
For example: a story about yourself.
- My name is_____________. Mom's name____________. Dad_______________.
- I have a younger (older) brother (sister) _____________________.
- Mom works ______________, and dad _________________________________.
- My grandmother _____________________ knows how to knit and sew, and my grandfather ______ likes to garden and make something out of wood.
- My brother (sister) and I love to relax at the dacha with grandparents. There we play ball, swim in the river, go to the forest.
- We love our family very much.
When compiling a story, the child can draw pictures himself.
You can make a plan for retelling the text "Favorite fruit"
Pears are fruits. They grow on trees called pear trees. They are green and yellow. Grow in the garden. My pear is yellow, big, sweet and juicy. You can cook compote and jam from pears. Pears are very useful. They have a lot of vitamins.
Mnemonics in practice. From personal experience
How to form a child's speech and help him feel the rhythm of speech, fill his speech with beautiful and correct words, teach him to compose phrases and sentences? Use mnemonics.
In my classes with children, I used a great book, a collection of stories for the development of Belousova's speech L.E. “Learn to retell? It's simple!". Well-chosen poems and stories with symbolic pictures helped the children a lot in retelling. Each story is accompanied by pictures-tips that help the child remember and retell the texts. The pictures in the book can be colored in. This promotes the development of fine motor skills.
Using symbolic pictures in the lesson, I saw that at first the children were afraid to retell, because it seemed to them that they did not remember anything and could not express their thoughts. But gradually they realized that retelling from pictures is interesting, entertaining and not at all difficult. Gradually it turned into a feasible game. They even asked to “play with pictures” at every lesson! After all, you don’t need to memorize anything, you just need to play
"read pictures" Children play, and we see meaningful memorization as a result.
Schemes and symbol tables are assistants that help to perceive auditory information, process visual information and, without fear of making a mistake, reproduce it.
At first, the children and I retelled from the pictures from the book, then they themselves learned to schematically depict the text for retelling.
As a result of working with mnemonic tables and pictures, the children learned to invent symbolic pictures themselves and could easily retell any text.
What does mnemonics provide?
As a result of using schema tables and mnemotables:
- Not only vocabulary is expanding, but also knowledge about the world around.
- There is a desire to retell - the child understands that it is not at all difficult.
- Memorizing poems turns into a game that children really like.
- This is one of effective ways speech development of preschoolers.
It must be remembered that the level of speech development is determined by the vocabulary of the child. And just a few steps taken in this direction will help you in the development of the speech of a preschooler.
Often parents are faced with the fact that children do not remember information well at school. Students listen attentively only to what they are interested in, and the rest is ignored. Memory is selective. Another problem that arises at school is the inability to retell a large text. As a result, performance declines.
You can train memory and teach children to retell texts on different topics even at preschool age. For this, the material is presented in the form of reference diagrams, or mnemotables. You can start learning as early as two years old, when the child knows some fairy tales and tries to retell them, but confuses the characters and the sequence of events. Mnemotables for preschoolers are first compiled by an adult according to fairy tales known to the baby.
Pictures in cells are the heroes of fairy tales. The fairy tale "Gingerbread Man" is very convenient in this situation, where events are repeated, and the characters change. For the smallest, mnemonic tables of four to nine cells are suitable. An adult analyzes several mnemonic tables with a child, analyzes where the heroes of fairy tales hid. We draw the following mnemonic tables for preschoolers together with the child. Children quickly learn to make tables. Subsequently, the guys themselves make tables for the information provided, complicating them and increasing the number of cells.
What is the secret of mnemotables?
The development of memory occurs due to the constant recoding of verbal information into visual images and vice versa. As a result, the information is scrolled through the memory several times and involuntarily remembered.
For preschoolers 4-6 years old, tasks can be complicated: add heroes from other fairy tales to the table and ask the kid to determine which heroes are superfluous. The second option is to confuse the heroes of two fairy tales in one table and give the task to distribute them over two tables. The third option is to cut several mnemonic tables and then restore them. There can be many such variants of games with mnemonic tables, or memorization tables: restore the missing pictures, rearrange the pictures in the right order, etc. Gradually, a whole file cabinet is created from the cut tables. Cards can be scattered and an adult, reading a fairy tale, asks the child to find desired picture.
With the help of mnemotables, you can study any topic with your child, memorize any text, for example, topics on ecology, seasons, animals, birds. Tables are especially convenient in the process of studying the seasons, when it is necessary to remember their main features. At school age, children will have to memorize large texts, retell them. The skill of compiling mnemonic tables will help them draw up a basic diagram of any text based on associations and visual images. Such a scheme can always be taken to school and used as a hint.
Thus, it is useful to use mnemonic tables in classes with preschool children for the development of visual and auditory memory. They are useful not only in individual conversations, but also in groups, when several people can work with one plot of a fairy tale. If you do not know where to start compiling your first table, refer to the materials offered on our website. Here you will find examples of tables that can be taken as a sample and, for starters, disassembled with the baby. Tables are easy to download on the website, print and apply in the first lessons. We are sure that you will successfully compile the following tables yourself.
A selection of mnemotables for preschoolers
1. What is mnemonics
Mnemonics is a set of techniques and methods for memorizing information using visual and sound examples.
Mnemonics helps young children:
It is easier to memorize poems, tongue twisters, riddles, stories;
Recode information from visual to abstract and vice versa;
Build a logical chain of events and play the story in the correct order (beginning - middle - end);
Enriches vocabulary;
Helps develop thinking;
Develops fantasy;
Helps to compose long descriptive sentences and coordinate tenses.
The concept of "Mnemonics" comes from the Greek "mnemonikon" - the art of memorization.
It is believed that this word was coined by Pythagoras of Samos (6th century BC).
The art of memorization is named after the ancient Greek goddess of memory, Mnemosyne, the mother of the nine muses. The first surviving works on mnemonics date back to about 86-82. BC, and belong to the pen of Cicero and Quintillion.
To date, this memorization technique is widely used in preschool institutions, as well as at the reception of a speech therapist.
This technique uses visual aids - tables. A mnemonic table is a scheme that contains certain information. The essence of the mnemonic scheme is as follows: for each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is thought up; thus, the entire text is sketched schematically, looking at these diagrams - drawings, the child easily remembers the information.
There are such mnemonic tables:
For poems, riddles or fairy tales;
Fidget Vasenka
Fidget Vasenka does not sit still.
Fidget Vasenka is with us everywhere.
Vasenka has a mustache, gray hair on his mustache,
Vasenka has an arched tail and a spot on the back.
To remember the rules;
For stories.
In speech development classes, teachers often use mnemonics and offer children to decipher and memorize images on tables. Tables can have a wide variety of looks and themes.
1. Break the story into parts, identifying important points (every 2-3 words), draw a sheet of paper into squares;
2. Draw a picture for each such moment (describing nouns or adjectives);
3. Incomprehensible words (verbs or questions), if possible, depict somehow or simply put the sign “?”. This will need to be commented on by the child.
retelling
When retelling using mnemotables, children see everyone actors, and concentrate their attention on the correct construction of sentences, on the reproduction of the necessary expressions in their speech.
When to start doing mnemonics?
Mnemonics can be started with younger age, but it is more rational to introduce it into classes from 4-5 years old, when children have accumulated a basic vocabulary.
For children of younger and middle preschool age, it is necessary to give color mnemotables, since individual images remain in the memory of children faster: a red fox, a gray mouse, a green fir-tree.
For older children, it is advisable to draw diagrams in one color so as not to draw attention to the brightness of symbolic images.
Bug
I found myself a beetle
On a big daisy
I do not want to hold in my hands -
Let it lie in a pocket.
Oh, my beetle fell, fell,
Nose covered in dust.
The green beetle flew away
Flew on wings.
Conclusion:
As a result of using schema tables and mnemotables:
Not only vocabulary is expanding, but also knowledge about the world around.
There is a desire to retell - the child understands that it is not at all difficult.
Memorizing poems turns into a game that children really like.
This is one of the most effective ways to develop the speech of preschoolers.
It must be remembered that the level of speech development is determined by the vocabulary of the child. And just a few steps taken in this direction,
will help you in the development of the speech of a preschooler.
Modern children are surrounded by a mass of information, most often they do not have time to assimilate it, and therefore experience a problem with its reproduction. Preschool children often have a rather large vocabulary, but make up only simple sentences that they cannot assemble into a complete logical story. Mnemonic tables teach children to plan a story and play it in a logical order. The use of mnemotables significantly improves educational process, children learn faster.
2. Compile mimic tables
The mnemonic table can be hand-drawn or made up of pictures, like a collage. At the initial stage of learning, it is better to draw small ribbon tables, placing 3-4 pictures in a row. It is interesting for children to color these pictures, and later to tell you their ideas for drawing.
To create a mnemonic table, you need:
Break the story into parts, identifying important points (every 2-3 words), draw a sheet of paper into squares;
Draw a picture for each such moment (describing nouns or adjectives);
Incomprehensible words (verbs or questions), if possible, somehow portray or simply put the sign "?". This will need to be commented on by the child.
Different riddles or fairy tales are easier and more fun to perceive by young children if they are sorted into situations and depicted in pictures. Then the child is invited to remember what was described and tell it step by step, looking at the pictures.
At the same time, the following processes take place in the child’s head:
Looking at pictures and understanding what they show;
Recoding information from visual to figurative, comparing a picture with a concept;
Drawing up a story from pictures;
memorization of a story or verse.
Child senior group the kindergarten can independently draw pictures for the mnemonic table, after the teacher has broken the story into situations and told what to draw. It is simple and interesting to depict a mnemonic table for the seasons. Here is a description of winter:
It is better to start working on mnemonic tables with children from the age of 4, when they already have an initial vocabulary. At this age, you can teach children the rules, focusing on the tables. These can be algorithms for dressing or washing, there are also mnemonic tables for traffic rules so that the child learns the rules of the road faster.
Children will like to study fairy tales or poems according to the tables:
Our Tanya is crying loudly
Dropped a ball into the river.
Hush, Tanechka, don't cry!
The ball will not sink in the river.
As soon as the baby understood the purpose of the mnemonic tables, you can increase the number of pictures, as well as the complexity of the task:
You can make puzzles, riddles or mnemonic tables in mathematics. In the latter case, it is enough to draw a number, and in another square a picture depicting a given number. In the future, the child is deposited in the memory of the corresponding picture when he sees the number.
If you cannot or do not have time to draw mnemonic tables, they can be easily found on the Internet and downloaded, and then printed out and taught to your child. It is better not to show on the computer, the child will not perceive the screen in the same way as a piece of paper in front of him.
3. Memorization by mnemonic tables
As already mentioned, mnemotables simplify the perception of the text by young children. This is especially important for children who have speech and hearing problems, it is difficult for them to concentrate on the story aloud. It is easy to learn poems and stories using mnemonic tables, and when telling a story, you can peep at the pictures. This technique gives confidence even to shy children, they learn to speak in public.
If you ask a preschooler to tell a story, you will see that he does not get a coherent story. The child quickly gets lost, switches his attention to something, and in general often does not have time to finish the story and runs away somewhere on business. Try to disassemble the story with him and draw it into a mnemonic table. The child will learn to build a story along a storyline, get used to the fact that any story should have a beginning and a logical end.
Many phenomena are easier to parse by mnemonic tables. Seeing the image of what is being discussed, the child will more easily remember the information, because it will be perceived by the brain automatically, recoding it from abstract to figurative thinking:
According to this table, the child will learn a story about birds. Table decoding:
1. What is this bird?
2. Is she wild or domestic?
3. What color?
4. What does it eat?
5. What sounds does it make?
6. What does he do, how does he live?
7. Where does he live?
8. What kind of babies does she have?
9. What benefit (or harm) does it bring to people?
Using the same algorithm, you can come up with a story about anything. The child will first answer all the questions separately, and then you need to ask him to tell about this in a single text, peeping at the table.
The story can be about the properties of objects, and about the profession, and about his friends - anything:
It is not necessary to study mnemonic tables in groups, it is quite possible to do it alone with the child, at home. If parents, grandparents have a desire to develop a child's thinking, enrich his speech and teach him to speak correctly at preschool age, he will go to school with a good preparation that will distinguish him from other classmates.
“Teach a child some words unknown to him - he will suffer for a long time and in vain,
but connect twenty of these words with pictures and he will learn them on the fly.
K.D. Ushinsky.
Dear colleagues!
Today I will try to reveal for you the concepts of "Mnemotechnics" and "Mnemotable", introduce you to the stages of work and show various options for using mnemonic tables.
Teachers from parents often hear such words - “We don’t remember poems !!! Cannot quickly remember the text, gets confused in the lines, rearranges the words in places.
The fact is that in general, children have a greater degree of visual memory, so we need to find techniques that would contribute to the development of children's memory in general.
Memory is the process of remembering, storing and reproducing what we see, hear, think, do. Without memory, the formation of a child's personality is unthinkable, since the assimilation of knowledge about the world around us and about oneself, mastering the norms of behavior, acquiring skills, habits, and habits - all this is connected with the work of memory.
It is difficult for modern children to coherently, consistently, grammatically correctly express their thoughts, talk about various events from the life around them. They do not like to learn poetry, retell texts, do not know the techniques and methods of memorization. Memorizing poems causes them great difficulties, rapid fatigue and negative emotions.
Problems in the speech of children:
The statements are short;
Consist of fragments that are logically unrelated to each other;
Differ in inconsistency;
Therefore, educators are faced with the task of how to help children, but in such a way that it is easy and interesting for them.
Mnemonics, or mnemonics - a system various tricks, facilitating memorization and increasing the amount of memory by forming additional associations, organizing the educational process in the form of a game.
Mnemonics helps to simplify the process of direct educational activity for children. Children learn in an interesting game form without mental and emotional overload.
The relevance of mnemonics for preschoolers is due to the fact that just at this age visual-figurative memory prevails in children, and memorization is mostly involuntary: children better remember events, objects, facts, phenomena that are close to their life experience. Memorization techniques facilitate the process of memorization in children and increase the amount of memory by forming additional associations.
The main "secret" of mnemonics is very simple. When a person connects several visual images in his imagination, the brain fixes this relationship. And in the future, when recalling one of the images of this association, the brain reproduces all previously connected images.
It is well known that the language of the brain is images. And, above all, visual images. If we address the brain in its language, it will execute any of our commands, for example, the command "remember". But where can we get programs that will allow us to communicate with the brain and will encode phone numbers, dates, car numbers into its figurative language?
Mnemonics is such a program. It consists of several dozen mental operations, thanks to which it is possible to “make contact” with the brain and take some of its functions, in particular, the memory function, under conscious control.
This is a unique system of methods and techniques that ensures successful and effective memorization of information.
Mnemonics helps to develop:
Visual and auditory memory;
Visual and auditory attention;
Imagination;
Perception;
Develops horizons;
Develops all aspects of speech.
Starting work on mnemonics technology, the educator should set himself the following tasks:
1. Promote the development of basic mental processes: memory, attention, perception, thinking.
2. To promote the ability of children to transform abstract symbols into images and vice versa images into abstract symbols (recoding and encoding information).
3. To promote the development of the ability to work according to the model, according to the rules, listen to an adult and follow his instructions.
4. Contribute to the development of coherent speech, expansion and enrichment of the vocabulary of children.
5. Contribute to the formation of a holistic perception of the world. To promote the development of interest, motivation to study new, unknown in the world around, to take Active participation in the educational process.
6. Promote development creativity children, the ability to draw up schemes and reproduce them.
7. Promote the development of fine motor skills of the hands.
8. To promote the formation of skills of cooperation, mutual understanding, goodwill, independence, initiative, responsibility.
Methods and techniques of mnemonics
Firstly, much attention should be paid to the development of perception in children:
- visual;
- auditory;
- kinesthetic (movement of the eye, hand, vocal apparatus);
- olfactory;
- taste;
- tactile.
To do this, in the classroom it is necessary to use a lot of various games and exercises: “What has changed?”; "What's gone?"; "Who left?"; "Who called?"; “We will hang and collect the words”; "Paired postcards"; "Learn by touch"; "Wonderful bag"; "Learn by taste" and others.
Secondly, it is necessary to form in children the skills of memorizing any information.
The following methods will be most effective here:
- the method of "croking" - the use of drawings, diagrams, sketches, sketches;
- a method that uses figurative thinking;
- the method of associative chains (or the method of "nonsense");
- method of transformation (transformation).
Thirdly, you need to teach children to manage their attention (stability, distribution, switching).
This means that through games, game exercises, trainings we develop in children an arbitrary type of attention and its properties such as stability, distribution and switching of attention.
To do this, in the classroom you can use: "Find the differences"; "What changed"; "Do not snooze"; "Forbidden movement"; "Scattered artist"; "Labyrinths"; "Find and cross out" (tables) and others.
Like any work, mnemonics is based on the principle from simple to complex. It can be divided into three stages:
Stage 1: Acquaintance with the symbols. This stage of work is also called - work with mnemonic squares.
Stage 3: At this stage, work with mnemonic tables begins.
Mnemonic square - Structural unit of a mnemonic track or mnemonic table.
This is a square (sheet of paper) on which some object, action or direction of action, or a sign is schematically depicted. Each image represents a word, a combination of words, or a simple short sentence.
Mnemonic tracks - a collage of mnemonic squares, consisting of 3-4 images. With it, children learn to compose stories, tell tongue twisters, memorize poems.
Mnemotables - a scheme in which certain information is embedded. For each word or small phrase, a picture (image) is thought up, i.e. the whole text is sketched schematically, looking at these diagrams-drawings, the child easily remembers the information. Mnemotables are used to draw up a plan for a story, retelling, compiling stories based on a picture and a series of paintings, a descriptive story, a creative story.
Mnemonics can be used in different types speech activity:
- when memorizing poems, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters;
- when retelling fiction;
- in teaching storytelling;
- when guessing and guessing riddles;
Mnemonics is multifunctional. Based on them, a variety of didactic games are created.
retelling- a lighter type of monologue speech, since it adheres to the author's position of the work, it uses a ready-made author's plot and ready-made speech forms and techniques. This is to some extent reflected speech with a certain degree of independence.
If we retell with the help of mnemonic tables, when the children see all the characters, then the child already concentrates his attention on the correct construction of sentences, on the reproduction of the necessary expressions in his speech.
Memorization of poems, tongue twisters, tongue twisters.
Knowledge of poetry enriches the child's vocabulary, forms the skills of the correct pronunciation of words and individual phrases, and develops a culture of speech.
To memorize a poem, you need to organize it in the form of a table. Each cell is one word or a whole phrase from a poem.
Thus, the whole poem is sketched schematically.
After that, the children from memory, using a graphic image, reproduced the poem in its entirety. At the initial stage, we offer children a ready-made plan-scheme, and as they learn, children are also actively involved in the process of creating their own scheme.
Stages of work on memorizing poems:
Answer questions about the content of the poem (for understanding the text).
Disassemble unfamiliar words and definitions.
Repeat the poem based on the mnemonic table.
Tell a poem.
Tongue Twisters used for the development of children's speech, with the aim of learning to speak expressively, legibly and distinctly. Tongue twisters are an effective remedy for developing the correct pronunciation. When people practice speaking tongue twisters aloud, their speech becomes more flexible and perfect. Diction acquires purity and distinctness over time.
In my work, I use the tongue twisters of Kodolbenko Evgenia Alekseevna, they are informative and structured. Each word has one character, and in each tongue twister where this word occurs, it looks exactly like this. Having studied several of these tongue twisters, children usually catch this moment. And in the future they can read themselves by reference characters.
chitogovorka is a rhyming phrase in which a sound is often repeated. They serve to work out sound pronunciation, develop voice power, speech tempo, sense of rhyme, speech breathing, as well as to correct the lexical-grammatical and phonetic-phonemic side of speech.
This is another kind of work with mnemotables. Use of ready-made speech patterns.
Mnemotables can be used to compile descriptive stories about toys, dishes, clothes, vegetables and fruits, birds, animals, insects. These schemes help children to independently determine the main properties and features of the subject under consideration, to establish the sequence of presentation of the identified features; enrich children's vocabulary.
The elements of the model of a descriptive story are symbols - substitutes for the qualitative characteristics of the object: belonging to a generic concept; magnitude; color, shape; component parts; surface quality; the material from which the object is made (for inanimate objects); how is it used (what benefits does it bring)?; Why do you like (dislike)?
The results of teaching children using mnemonics.
Children have an increased circle of knowledge about the world around them;
There is a desire to retell texts, invent interesting stories;
There is an interest in memorizing poems and nursery rhymes;
Vocabulary goes to a higher level;
Children overcome shyness, shyness, learn to freely stand in front of an audience.
Mastering the techniques of working with mnemotables helps in the development of basic mental processes - memory, attention, figurative thinking, and also reduces the time for teaching coherent speech to preschool children. Mnemonics helps to make the process of memorization simpler, more interesting, and more creative.
Bibliography:
1. Bolshova, T.V. We learn from the story. Development of thinking of preschoolers with the help of mnemonics T.V. Bolshova / St. Petersburg, 2005 - 71s.
2. Davshkova T.G. Imported V.M. The use of support schemes in work with children // Davshchova T.G. Imported V.M. Handbook of the senior educator preschool No. 1, 2008, p.16
3. Omelchenko L.V. The use of mnemonics techniques in the development of coherent speech / Omelchenko L.V. Speech therapist. 2008. No. 4. - p.102 -115.
4. Polyanskaya, T. B. “The use of the mnemonics method in teaching storytelling to preschool children”, 2009.
5. Smyshlyaeva T.N. Korchuganova E.Yu. Using the method of visual modeling in the correction of general underdevelopment of speech in preschoolers // Speech therapist. - 2005. - No. 1.
6. Tkachenko T.A. Using schemes in compiling descriptive stories / Tkachenko T.A. Preschool education. 1990. No. 10 - p. 16-21.
7. Shirokikh T.D. We learn poetry - we develop memory / A child in kindergarten. 2004. N2. pp.59-62.
