How to teach a child to read in syllables at home. Advice from an elementary school teacher. How to teach a child to read by syllables at home How to know that a child is ready to learn to read

Teaching a child to put letters into words, and words into sentences is not an easy task. On this difficult path, parents will need patience, accuracy and consistency. Today we will answer the main questions: how to teach a child to read by syllables without the help of teachers, and what exercises for teaching reading at home are most effective.

Learning to read: is the child ready to learn to read?

According to psychologists, best age for learning to read - from 4.5 to 6 years. In practice, a child strives to learn to read at the age of 5 years. It is worth remembering that each child is individual in his development, and if you do not fit into the generally accepted deadlines, this only means that the learning process should be postponed a little.

There are a number of factors that determine whether a child is ready for this moment master the process of reading. Here are the most important ones:

• No problems with pronunciation- the child has the correct pace and rhythm of speech, all sounds are set;
• No hearing problems- the child does not ask again many times, does not distort words that are easy to pronounce;
• Sufficient command of speech- rich lexicon, the ability to build phrases and understandably for others to express their thoughts;
• Developed phonemic awareness- the child can freely distinguish the sounds of speech, reproduce the sounds heard, name the first / last sound in the word;
• Free orientation in space- the child clearly knows the concepts of right / left and up / down.

By carefully observing the child, you will notice the moment when he becomes interested in putting letters into words. The child will show familiar symbols on store signs to mom and dad, and one day he will try to read them in their entirety. Of course, in his first attempts, the baby will probably read the word incorrectly, but this is not scary - this indicates that his brain is ripe for learning a new skill.

Known methods of teaching children to read

Methodology	How it works
Doman Method Training	Global reading - such a phrase can be used to characterize Doman's technique. It provides for learning to read in whole words and relies on the features of the baby's brain. The idea is to surround the child with words written on brightly colored cards/posters (“table”, “chair”, “wardrobe”, etc.). Mechanical memory allows the child to memorize and retain the accumulating volume of simple words. You can start following the technique as early as 5-6 months.
Method of reading by syllables	The traditional method, which from year to year remains the most popular among parents who want to teach their child to read at home. The child first puts the letters into syllables, and then into words. In children older than 4.5-5 years, this method brings a quick result. The material is easily fixed in game tasks. This method of teaching is used in kindergartens and schools, which is a definite plus.
Warehouse reading method	In this technique, not a word is divided into syllables, but sounds are combined into warehouses. For example, the word "cup" will not be read "cup", but "cha-sh-ka". A warehouse can consist of a single letter, a consonant and a vowel, or a consonant and a hard/soft sign. Despite the fact that the technique is very common, there is a possibility that the child will have to relearn at school - after all, they use the method of reading by syllables. The habit of splitting words into warehouses can take root, which will subsequently make it difficult to perceive the text and slow down reading.
Zaitsev Cubes	The technique helps to master the basics of reading through the perception of syllables. A variety of tables, colorful cubes of different colors with fillers accept Active participation in visual learning of connecting letters into syllables. Classes with the help of Zaitsev's cubes are highly effective in group interaction (in kindergartens, child development centers, etc.). The considered technique helps to get the maximum result in the minimum time for those kids who find it difficult to sit in one place.

Moms and dads, seeking to teach their child to read as quickly as possible, should be very delicate in their approach to this important issue. So that the child does not lose interest in reading from the first lessons, we suggest that you get acquainted with relevant tips. They will help in the learning process to instill in the child a love for the book.

Alphabet from an early age

Let the child from infancy "absorb" into himself, like a sponge, the name of the letters in the song game form. Short memorable rhymes about letters will be deposited in the child's memory, and closer to two years the child will be able to tell them quite consciously. From time to time turn on various songs and mini-cartoons about the alphabet, especially since in such a presentation the letters are remembered effortlessly.

Unobtrusive learning

For a preschooler, the game is the main process through which he learns the world around him, including when mastering skills. Boring classes and cramming will not bring the desired result, moreover, the child may completely stop loving reading. Present information in a warm, patient way, and the child will learn the necessary knowledge at a pace that suits him specifically.

Get busy every day

If you have begun to take the first steps in reading syllables, and they have gone to no avail, it is too early to give up. You can take a break for 1-2 days, and then try again. Did the child manage to read a couple of syllables from vowels? Great, it means that the initial reading skills have been obtained and they need to be developed. Practice regularly, and the result will not keep you waiting.

Engage in reading

Often, learning difficulties arise with those children who were practically not read in childhood, and relatives did not set their own example of reading books. It can be fixed. Stories, fairy tales, children's fiction, interesting to your child, should appear in your house. Do family tradition- Reading a short story before bed. The kid will not refuse parental attention, and an interesting story will stimulate his interest in the book.

From simple to complex

It happens that a child knows the names of letters, but does not know the sounds. A child will not be able to master reading until he learns the pronunciation of sounds well. Do this step by step:

1. study sounds;
2. move on to reading by syllables;
3. teach your child to merge syllables.

Only after passing through these three stages, you can start learning to read full words.

A detailed video with tips from the teacher - learning to read:

First Steps to Reading: Introduction to Letters

To teach a child to read, it is necessary to maintain an interest in books and letters from an early age. As a rule, at 2-3 years old, babies begin to show attention to the alphabet. It is very important for parents to provide the right developing space at this moment.

Visualization

The child will quickly remember the letters if there is bright poster with the Russian alphabet. The baby points to the letter - say the corresponding sound. You may have to go back to "A" and "B" more than once and repeat them, but this is how the baby will remember them faster. For busy parents, an interactive panel with letters will be a good help - it itself sounds the letter that the child clicks on.

Touch

To memorize the letters of the alphabet, it is important for a child to use touch. To develop the abstract thinking of the baby, invite him to get acquainted with the letters molded from plasticine or cut out of cardboard. Pay attention to the similarity of objects and letters - the horizontal bar looks like a "P", and the donut is a spitting letter "O".

Tea party to the letters

The process of learning letters will be very fun and tasty if you offer your child an edible alphabet. With the help of figured pasta, you can cook Abvgdeyka soup, and for dessert, bake your own hand-made cookies - the alphabet.

Magnetic Entertainment

With the help of a magnetic alphabet, you can turn the process of learning letters into a fun and memorable game. For example, kids 1-2 years old can be lured by simply attaching a letter to the surface of the refrigerator and saying it. "Give me a letter! What do we have? It's the letter A! If the child is already 3 years old, then he will like the game of "magnetic fishing". You need all the magnetic letters in a container, and make an impromptu fishing rod from a stick and rope with a magnet. Having caught a "fish", pronounce its name, drawing an analogy with the word. "It's a fish! Look how she looks like a beetle!”

By keys

Children love to imitate the actions of adults. Let the kid press the buttons in the open text editor - he will be interested in the appearance of letters on the screen. Show how to type the simplest word "mom". You can print the first letter and give it to the child. Even if there is a completely unthinkable combination, this will be a kind of impetus for memorizing the alphabet. Also, to master the letters, you can give the child an old keyboard from the computer “to be torn to pieces”.

Mastering the principle of reading by syllables

Usually children pronounce each sound separately, and this is understandable - they need time to remember what the next letter is called. The task of parents is to help the baby overcome this natural difficulty.

You need to start the exercises with words consisting only of vowels. For example, AU, IA and UA. You need to draw / pick up illustrations for these simple words - for example, a girl lost in the forest (“AU!”), a baby lying in a cradle (“WA!”), And a cute donkey chewing grass (“IA!”). Ask the child not to read the inscription, but simply sing it. You can sing slowly, “pull” the syllable, but do not stop: AAAUUU, IIIAAAA, UUUAAAA.

On a note! Be sure to teach your child to recognize exclamatory and interrogative sentences. Highlight the moment of exclamation with your voice, the baby must distinguish between “Ah?” and "A!"

Do not be afraid to go back to the past, continue to teach your child to read the simplest syllables. When the first sound of a syllable is a consonant, it is more difficult for a child to read it. But, nevertheless, you also need to learn to read it, without it there is no way at school. Let the child “pull” HHH and then add A, O, or U. The boy gives the girl a candy - HHHA (“ON!”). The kid swings on a horse - HHNO ("BUT!"). The girl took her mother's hand - MMMA ("MA!"). Please note that the child may "pull" the first sound long enough to remember the next one.

Important! Do not rush the child if he thinks while reading a syllable that is difficult for him - when he feels the principle of folding syllables, the process of mastering the skill will go much faster.

If the baby did not manage to read the word, then the parent must read it himself, then try to read it again with the child. Then move on to the next syllable. Regardless of success, encourage and praise your little student.

Most primers for children 6-7 years old offer to learn from syllabic tables. They are a list of various syllables that do not have a semantic meaning, but are based on visualized memorization. Example: on the letter “N” the sounds “NA-NO-WELL-WE-NI”, on “M” - “MA-MO-MU-WE-MI”, on “T” - “TA-TO-TU-YOU -TI", etc. Of course, such tables have the right to life, but they are not at all interesting for children. It is absolutely not necessary to force a child to read various “VU” and “VA”, it is quite possible to cope without such outdated methodological material.

Advice! The child should not get tired of reading. In the first month, read syllables no more than 3-4 times a week. Let the lessons go not in a row, but every other day. From the second or third month, you can teach your child to read daily.

Games that help children learn to read

Reading requires diligence and regular practice. To make learning easy, look at the pictures in the books, discuss the situations depicted in these pictures, make up stories based on them. Communicate and talk more with the child - this will help him develop thinking and coherent speech.

To discover the wonderful, interesting and vast world of books, we offer you games for learning syllables, their correct pronunciation and memorization. The exercises in these games are suitable for children from 3 to 7 years old.

Letter learning games	Games for the ability to add syllables	Reading games
Create with your child images of letters with which he can play. They should be bright and memorable. You can independently make cards with letters and animals / objects depicted on them (A - STORK, B - DRUM, etc.).	A simple and at the same time interesting game - "Make a word." At the core: circles with written syllables and pictures that tell the child what word to make. For example, a picture of a river. The child must choose two circles. On the first circle, the syllable PE, on the second - KA. A picture depicting porridge: choose circles with the syllables KA and SHA.	Game "Make a word". The child needs to make a word from jumbled syllables and letters. For example: create game situation- granddaughter Masha decided to give gifts to her grandmother and wrote them down so as not to forget. Suddenly a strong wind came up and shook everything. Let's help Mashenka remember what she wanted to give her grandmother, making the right words out of syllables and letters mixed up in places.
To memorize the letter and sound, tell short association verses, for example: A-ist A-zbu-ku li-became, On A-auto-bus o-pos-dal. The Cat is looking at Kar-tin-ku, On Kar-tin-ke Kit swims. O-slick vi-dit O-tra-zha-et their re-ka.	Game "Find the hidden word." It is necessary to lay out a path in front of the child from different words. The task of the reader: to choose what you have guessed. For example, among the words: “cat, swing, chair, carrot”, find a “living” word - an animal, a vegetable, a piece of furniture, children's entertainment.	Game exercise "Read quickly." The child should pronounce the words as quickly as possible: - soaps, soaps, soaps, honey, soaps; - cheese, cheese, cheese, peace, cheese; - saw, saw, saw, linden, saw; - salt, salt, salt, villages, salt; - river, river, hand, river, hand.
Design letters with your baby from improvised materials - pencils, matches, counting sticks or salt dough.	The game "Word in a word" is very interesting for children aged 5-6 years. You need to find a smaller word in a big word, for example, E-LEK-TRO-STAN-QI-YA: CAT, NOSE, TRON, etc.	The game "Name what you see." The meaning of the game - the child must name everything that he sees around him with a certain letter. You can also name animals with a specific letter (CAT, RAT, RABBIT), toys (BALL, CAR), or the names of cartoon characters (CARLSON, KROSH).
Create a coloring book where a certain letter will live on each page. For letters, you can draw a house, or decorate the letter with a pattern starting with it (A- ASTRA, B - SHORE, etc.).	The game "Make a syllable of halves." For the game, you need to write various syllables on cardboard cards, and cut them in half horizontally, then mix them. The task of the child is to collect the cards and read the syllables written on them.	Game exercise "Guess what is wrong." The child is invited to look at the picture, under which the misspelled word is written. The task is to read the word syllable by syllable, find the error and replace it with the desired letter (for example, KO-RO-VA and KO-RO-NA)
To study letters, you can use board games - dominoes, lotto with the alphabet. A parent can make a loto with letters on their own. To make, you will need 8 cardboard cards with written letters, as well as small pictures with letters that the child will call to search on the cards.	Walking games help to understand the principle of reading syllables well. Such games can be purchased or made by yourself, taking ready-made walking games as a basis. In empty cells it is necessary to enter various syllables. On them it is necessary to move the chip. During the game, the child rolls the dice. The kid must read the syllables that are on his way. In the process, sound tracks consisting of 4-6 syllables can be obtained. The one who reads all the syllables faster and gets to the finish line wins the game.	Game exercise "What's on the plate." Before eating, ask the child to say in syllables what food is in front of him. Help pronounce words with a large number of syllables, while setting the pace of pronunciation (KA-SHA, MO-LO-KO, PU-RE, OV-XIAN-KA). One of the interesting variants of this game can be a game of "cook". The task of the child is to make a menu for lunch from words starting with the selected letter, for example "M". If you get few words for one letter, then you can offer to find products in the refrigerator that start with 2 letters, etc.

Note! How to quickly teach a child to read so that he does not get tired of the learning process and does not lose interest? You need to deal with it regularly, but at the same time not for long. For the first lessons, 5-7 minutes will be enough. Gradually, this time can be increased to 15-20 minutes. If you conduct classes in a playful way, it will be easy and not boring for the child to learn the skill of reading.

Exercises with words: we consolidate the skill

As soon as the child learns to merge letters into syllables, parents can be congratulated on half the journey. Now the most important thing is to consolidate the acquired skill. In this case, fun and interesting tasks will be used.

What to play	What to do
Who eats what?	Write in the column the names of the animals: CAT-KA, KO-RO-VA, SO-BA-KA, BEL-KA, KRO-LIK, MOUSE-KA. And to the right and left of the words, draw pictures: fish, grass, bone, nut, carrot, cheese. The task of the child is to read the word and “feed” each pet with the right food with the help of arrows.
Who is extra?	Write a few words in a column: GRU-SHA, YAB-LO-KO, A-ON-US, PO-MI-DOR. Ask the child to cross out the extra word, and be sure to explain your choice. So you can play with the names of vegetables, clothes / shoes, flowers, trees, birds, etc.
Big and small	Write the words DE-RE-VO, GO-RA, GRU-ZO-VIK, JI-RAF, I-GO-DA, CAP-LA, BU-SI-NA at the top of the sheet. Draw two pictures below - a house (large) and a chicken (small). Let the child read the words, and determine which ones are big and small, and connect with lines with suitable pictures (berry, drop and bead - to the chicken, the rest of the words - to the house). Similarly, words can be divided into sweet and sour, heavy and light, etc.
Who lives where?	Mix up the names of wild and domestic animals: WOLF, ELSE, LI-SA, KA-BAN, KO-RO-VA, KO-ZA, CAT-KA, SO-BA-KA, Hedgehog. Under the words, draw a forest on one side, and a village hut with a fence on the other. Let the child read the words and use arrows to depict where each of the animals lives.

Forming the habit of reading books from infancy

At the beginning of this part, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the experience of mom. How to teach a child to read by syllables (video):

Personal example

"A child learns what he sees in his home." The well-known expression comes in handy for the formation of a child's concept of the importance of reading. If the baby often sees his parents and relatives with a book, then reading will become a part of life for him. Let the baby early years knows that reading is interesting, and good book may well replace a computer game or watching a cartoon.

Bright illustrations

When choosing a book to start reading, do not forget that pictures are important for children. Thanks to the expressive, bright drawings, it will be easier and more interesting for the child to follow the plot.

Regular reading

Love for books is not formed overnight. If an adult regularly reads small fairy tales aloud to a child, after a month or two the baby himself will show more interest in the works. The first words you read are often the ones on the cover of your favorite book.

Possibility of choice

The child should be interested in what you plan to read with him. Already at the age of 4, a small reader is able to determine how interested he is in this or that book. At this age, it's time for the first trip to the library - let the baby choose the book himself in accordance with his own desire.

TV viewing restriction

Reading, of course, requires certain intellectual efforts from the child. What can not be said about television - it literally takes away the opportunity to dream up, providing ready-made images. You should not completely deprive yourself of watching cartoons, but it makes sense to limit the time spent behind the screen and strictly select allowed TV programs.

04/20/2017 at 10:02 am

Let's make a conscious and meaningful choice.

You will be able to instill a love of reading that a teacher is unlikely to succeed if you have regular reading and discussion in your home.

Be prepared that at school they will tell you that you don’t have to teach anything, we will teach you everything at school ourselves.

Here, there are usually 30-35 people in the class, the lesson lasts 30 minutes, i.e. less than a minute per student.

We invite you to discuss this issue and weigh the pros and cons of teaching reading at home, as well as learn the secrets and avoid mistakes.

Do you read to your child at night? A simple question, but it is this habit that allows you to instill a love of reading already from younger age. Which is better to choose, we will analyze in detail with the names and names of fairy tales.

The pros and cons of reading bedtime stories are posted, as well as various aspects of this teaching methodology.

An excellent ally in games is any material that is at home. Let's disassemble and apply for learning to read.

And it may happen that the child will not be in time, then the teacher will tell you to study at home, because. the child does not read.

Reading technique will be tested to determine how many words per minute he reads. And the requirements are quite specific and measurable 1 class - 30 words per minute, 2 - 36, 4 - 100 to 120.

From here, choose whether or not to teach a child to read at home, but remember, you can’t instill in your child a love of reading if you don’t read yourself.

The child learns what he sees in his home!

Let's take a look at how to teach a preschooler to read quickly, correctly and easily in syllables, as well as to read whole words fluently at home.

When can you start teaching your child to read?

1. The child clearly and correctly pronounces letters and words without errors and cleanly, i.e. without defects.
2. When he already knows a few letters. You started learning them when he showed interest in them himself, and not at 3 or 2 years old, when a friend said that they were already learning letters.
3. When he easily recognizes them in any spelling.
4. He does not confuse them and clearly distinguishes O from A and K from G.
5. With pleasure sculpts them, draws or plays with them.
6. Learn letters exclusively starting with vowels and then moving to the study of consonants.
7. Be careful when pronouncing letters and sounds. Pronounce consonants without vowel overtones.

Video tutorials on how to properly prepare for parenting education:

Important hidden difficulties

The desire of parents to teach usually results in a copy of the school, when the child sits motionless at the table, and you, in the role of the teacher, explain, but this is fundamentally not the right idea.
It is better when learning comes in the form of a game, let the child be a teacher, so he will learn many times more.

Play when you have free time, and 5 minutes is enough for the child to learn many times more in practice than in 30 minutes of training in the usual sense for us.

• incorrectly memorized letters with the help of audio primers or books, for example, hanging tables often pronounce not M and ME, not P, but PE.
• the child does not understand how to connect them;
• special difficulty is caused by om, mind, av when vowels go ahead of consonants;
• starting to read words of 5-6 letters, the child forgets the beginning of the word.

What to do with this nightmare, and most importantly how?

1. Start to understand what the child does not understand.
2. Reading only 2-3 letters, calculation (table of syllables) is the best helper. It is on our website, and it can also be purchased in the book version.
3. Do no more than 15 minutes a day, in the game and with joy.
4. Praise for the smallest successes.
5. Show the kid why he needs this skill. For example, ask to read the name of the store, street, etc.
6. Criticize using a schema PDA - compliment, program, compliment. What a good fellow you read everything correctly, made a little mistake, but then you managed, I'm proud of you!
7. Move from simple to complex, until the child can easily read syllables of 2-3 letters, you can’t move on to reading words!
8. A list of games to play with letters so that the child understands that it is easy and simple.

Pros and cons of teaching a child to read at home:

Pros:

Minuses:

• if you overdo it and the child learns more than just reading, then he will not be interested in the lessons;
• it is necessary to teach correct reading, from here it is correct to name the letters not BE, but B, etc.

Why do you need to know all this?

In order to avoid mistakes and abandon the idea of ​​a child learning on his own using talking books, telephones or primers, in these cases there are many more disadvantages.

How to teach a child to read at 6 years old at home quickly and in a playful way?

Most fast method always has a lot of disadvantages, and among them, the fact that the child also quickly begins to forget it all.

Therefore, start today, because even a very busy mom or dad can find 15 minutes a day. The child will learn in a playful way much easier and without coercion and tears.

Always start any activity with the words: Let's play a game ...

Games that will develop your child's reading skill constantly:

• what letters are hidden in the picture;
• draw a letter and decorate it, a letter with eyes, arms, legs;
• mold a letter from plasticine, clay, dough;
• put the learned letters out of the mosaic;
• cut out of paper and cardboard play in role-playing games, for example, M is mom, and P is the letter dad, and they also have D - daughter and C - son or by name. You play a familiar game, you just call it by name P, M or D, S. (These can be such games: fire station, construction, car repair, school, kindergarten, concert, travel ...)
• we play letter loto;
• while walking down the street, name 5 words starting with the letter A or any other that you learn.
• make a word of no more than 3-4 letters from letters;
• from a big word we add small words;
• words on the contrary, you say the word on the contrary, and the child rearranges and calls correctly Ohu - Ear, Thor - Mouth.
• draw letters on semolina or any other croup and, without finishing, ask to guess what the letter is.

Video about learning to read in the game:

For boys

You can come across the following wording: how to teach a child - a dunce boy to read at 6 years old at home?

Sticking labels to a child is fundamentally wrong, so let's call him a quickie or passionate about anything other than reading.

The task is to captivate him, ask what he is interested in?

Do not give up immediately, reducing everything to the fact that he is not interested in anything other than a computer and a tablet. Take a closer look at what games he plays, what is especially exciting and what he is ready to do from morning to evening.

In the cartoon about Luntik there was a series where a small bug was led to the river and to the clearing, and he just wanted to draw. Ask your child too.

Make a list of topics:

1. Games.
2. Cartoons.
3. Favorite characters (robots, dinosaurs, cars).
4. Sections where the child goes, for example, judo, football, swimming.
5. Space or other interesting.
6. Stories or legends about warriors.

And do everything with the use of any related topics.

For example, we take words related to the theme of our favorite characters from fairy tales or cartoons, and it can also be about space. Then the child will begin to play close and exciting games, and not read, in general, reading becomes an auxiliary tool.

For example, a child who is interested in space is given an encyclopedia or a book about it, then even just looking at the pictures, he will want to find out what is written there.

Let `s together!

The most magical phrase that works wonders. Don't expect your child to pick up a book and read on his own. Invite him to read and look at pictures together, everything that you do together very soon he will be able to do it himself, without your help.

Video on the implementation of the advice come on together:
Find in various coloring pages with your favorite characters, where the words are signed in block letters and try to read, stopping at the most interesting place.

What would it look like for a boy?

Hobby: fishing.

We write words related to fishing for reading and riddles: fishing, fish, fisherman, fishing rod, river, sea, river, perch, crayfish, bait, worm, float, hook, bite, bite, tackle.

Books about fishing for children: Borrow from the library or buy from the store.

We prepare puzzles from the words written above + rearrangement of letters.

Tongue twisters and sayings about fishing:

• You can't even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
• I didn’t get up at dawn - I lost fishing.
• Who is not lazy to fish, he catches fish.
• To the one who gets up early, the fish goes into his hands.
• You can see the chatterbox by the word, the fisherman by the catch.
• Talk about the ear when the fish is in the hand.
• An avid fisherman is not pushed in the sides in the morning.
• I fished until the evening, but there was nothing to eat.
• And in fishing, luck is hard work and patience.

May also collect advice or recommendations and observations.

For girl

For a girl, an example: hobbies for Winx fairies and domestic rodents.
We are looking for a magazine about Winx fairies or an encyclopedia about rodents, a library for books or a store, but there is an additional option - this is the Internet, we recommend choosing high-quality articles and printing them while reading with your daughter.

Word choice: Fairy names, witchcraft, fairy, magic, girlfriend, wings, fly, nature, bright sun, dragon flame, waves, technology, music.
We make puzzles and words.
We play words, pronounce the word, she spells it.

We talk about the hero, you need to guess him and put his name out of sticks or matches, any sticks are possible, for example, for makeup removal or counting sticks.

Compose the names of Winx fairies or favorite princesses from letters.

Reading in syllables

Let's take a look at how to quickly and well teach a child to read by syllables?
When you and your child have already overcome vowels and started to study consonants, then it's time to start learning to read by syllables.
To make the learning process as easy as possible for parents, we suggest that you make a version of the calculation table in Russian and a calculation in Ukrainian.

Such tables are very convenient to use, especially when acquaintance with syllables has just begun. If you want to play syllables, then print 2 copies of the tables at once, try to add letters simple words, no more than 3-4 letters.

The best options are when the words are simple, for example, Mom, Masha, Dad, Sasha, Petya, Vasya, baba. When the child is not confused with the new consonant learned, then it's time to offer different syllables, for example, MA, MO, MU, but also AM, OM, UM, i.e. you make sure that syllables begin with both consonants and vowels.

Do not get irritated again and again explaining to the child how the letters are read together and how they sound separately. Sometimes it may be required several times, in other cases it is necessary to repeat several dozen times.

Always say everything is ok! Well done! Everything works out for you! Look, last time you did not name this letter, but now you have already said it right away, and in a week, you will be able to read it in syllables!

If the baby did not succeed, you say: Come on together!

Video help to parents, how to make sure that the child learns everything easily:

Do not forget to repeat these 2 phrases and point with your fingers: Everything is in order! Well done!
Try to sing syllables, just call pointing together with a pointer. When a child begins to easily recognize them, then it's time to try to put simple words into syllables or from individual letters and read.

How to fold?

It is important not to rush to read until the syllables from the table are easily read by him, he will recognize them right on the fly. Practice syllables to automatism in different games.

1. Familiar books or poems are perfect, choose familiar verses with simple words and try to read them, laying out from the syllables that your baby reads. Mom washed the frame. Masha drank juice. Sasha ate porridge.

2. Try to show syllables in tables and individual letters. So that the child guesses such words: cancer, poppy, mouth, nose, ear, car, steam, woof, heat, thief.

Working with the table in turn, first you, then the baby, and you add up the words. Ma-Ma, CHA-SH-KA, RE-P-KA, PA-PA, MA-SHA, MU-HA, LI-ZA, SA-SHA, FI-LA, i.e. you are working with a table. You show a syllable, then 1 letter, then another syllable, for example, the word cup, if there are 3 letters, then a syllable and 1 letter ra-k.

Why is a table better than the alphabet of letters and syllables?

Parents often purchase them at the request of the teacher, but then they turn out to be of little demand. Their disadvantages are that they need to be cut out, especially if it is on cardboard, letters and syllables do not always fit into the connectors and stay there.

Poorly organized for use and storage, require envelopes or other containers for storage and end up crumbling and getting lost altogether. It is very inconvenient to store cut letters, as well as to use them.

In these cases, it is better to use cubes with letters, they are more practical for clarity and storage, but with poor-quality printing and stickers, they will quickly peel off, and there are often very few of them for words with 5 or more letters.
We practice all these games as the child masters new letters. It's great for relaxation, then build a tower out of cubes and break it down, so that any training goes through the game.

How to read in syllables?

If you succumbed to the temptation and bought your child “My primer” a wall table or a poster with letters, by clicking on them he sounds the letters, there are also tablets and books.

So here main mistake such devices that they call letters, not sounds, i.e. instead of - R -ER, V - BE, B-Be, etc.

And the worst thing is, when unsuspecting parents start teaching their child to read, a real brain explosion begins instead of Mom we get WE A WE A.

In mom, well, it doesn’t add up. Therefore, we do not recommend following the lead of such devices, if you still decide to use them, listen to what such a poster or book says, if it’s wrong, then it’s better not to take it.

But what to do?

We hang a similar poster, or a printed table, and every time the child asks, the sound is CORRECT, because now it is known why it is extremely important to immediately teach the child to name the sounds correctly.

What is the fastest way to learn to read?

Definitely gaming, if your ideas run out, then use our recommendations. We play a game, first mom shows you are reading, then we change roles.

1. We solve puzzles, draw pictures and through them we think of a word, for example, the word milk. Masha Olya Luna Window Porridge Lunch
2. Find all the syllables in Ma in a small text.
3. From syllables, add words invented by the child and come up with your own gibberish language.

Video about what gibberish is:

4. Spread words vertically, read words from top to bottom and vice versa.
5. Syllables or words may lose letters. Such guesses.
6. We add words with a sock or mitten, the child teaches them what letters are and how to read. We close 1 letter and you have to guess the word.

Variant of the game with a sock in the video:

Now you have a whole range of games for learning to read correctly and without errors, it is important that this happens in a fun way and gives parents the opportunity to adjust the learning process for each child individually.

Changing the theme according to the hobbies of the baby.

If you find it difficult to come up with or implement any game, we recommend that you do not be upset. The site site offers you detailed descriptions from materials to implementation.

We choose puzzles for the child correctly, to avoid mistakes, read the article.

We make a game plan for children easily and competently, and also take into account secret aspects that help the child develop and not get tired of the link.

What book to choose for learning?

1. With large letters and colorful pictures.
2. Letters appear one at a time, and after studying 2-3 they already go in syllables.
3. Different reading options for syllables, for example, MA - AM, MO - OM.
4. Remember about the time 15 minutes is the maximum amount for the lesson.

Video from a speech therapist on teaching reading:

When a child has started to read, it will be a big mistake to calm down and give up learning. there are requirements for speed and this is not only a test of reading technique.

The slower your child reads, the more time it will take him to complete homework and extract information from what he has already read.

It is no coincidence that the requirements for reading speed are growing: grade 1 is 20 words per minute, 2-40, but a child can read with pleasure at a speed of 60 words per minute.

How to teach a child to read quickly and correctly in grade 1: exercises

When the child has mastered the letters, he calmly recognizes them, now it is only the time to engage in reading speed. Before you start working with it, record how many words per minute your child is currently reading - this will help track progress.

Set aside no more than 15 minutes a day for these classes so that he does not have time to get tired and come up with motivating moments that will record his progress and development.

For example: a table where a child writes at what speed he read and indicates the day, such a mini diary, if the speed increases, then he receives a gift - this is a game with parents or a story from them, going to the zoo together or go rollerblading, skiing, skating , take a walk in the park, play bowling or other games.

Motivation in the form of money or gifts can backfire.

Choose texts according to the age of the child, it is extremely important.

You can make in a playful way the method by which you will learn speed reading, for this, write the names on the cards and let the child choose which method you will read today.

Exercises:

1. We attach a sheet of paper to the text so that all unread lines are closed. As we read with the help of the curtain, we open all the following lines, but it is important to move a little faster than the child reads.
2. We apply a sheet of paper to the top of the line and close the words, a little faster than the child reads.
3. Noisy texts, when words not related to it are inserted into the text. It is easy to add to the finished text in Word and print.
4. Tops - roots. We close the bottom of the line with a ruler or a cut-out strip, a bookmark. Do the same with the top.
5. Cut the text in the form of a lattice and push it apart. It's easy to do this if the text is a picture, then just put empty bars.
6. Lattice or frame. We cut out a grid from paper in shape with rather wide cut-out columns, where thin stripes left from the paper will cover pieces of text. Its size is equal to the size of a sheet of paper - 29 * 27 cm. The width of a thin column is 0.5 cm, a wide column is 2-3 cm, we put it on the text and read it.
   When this method is mastered, make the strips wider - 2-3 cm, let there be 2-3 of them on the sheet.
7. Wise trees are a pyramid. When the text is arranged in a trapezoid shape, expanding from the middle to the edges.

Video with examples of exercises for quick reading: Lesson in video format classes with a slowly reading child:

Physical exercise

Give this physical exercise 5-10 minutes daily and you will notice how much faster your brain began to work. Such gymnastics helps the 2 hemispheres to work synchronously, which allows the brain to work in a state of over efficiency.

1. I am a pupil.
2. Ear or nose Winnie the Pooh and piglet.
3. Winnie the Pooh.
4. Captain's.
5. I see a purpose, but I do not see obstacles.
6. I am a winner.
7. We complicate when everything began to work out: we add claps, we march, we move our feet.

Schulte tables

The video will teach you how to use the tables correctly and expand the angle of view:

Where can I get more speed reading materials?

1. Tatyana Djalo - it is for children from simple learning to quick reading that she has an excellent course.
2. Books, videos Andreev.
3. Online games on the Internet with Schulte tables and not only, but how much time the child will spend at the computer, phone or tablet is up to you.
4. There are a lot of articles on the Internet about speed reading.

It is important to understand that speed reading is a skill that is recommended to be taught at the age of over 10 years, while we begin to train fast reading with the help of games and exercises at the age of 6-7.

What is a reading technique?

To understand the issues of fluent reading or quick reading, let's look at what it is by definition? They check the reading technique in the class, in parallel with the beginning of the child’s reading, a stopwatch is turned on, when the minute is over, the student is stopped and the number of words read is counted. Which words count and which do not? Is the child's understanding of the text checked? If the child did not read the word correctly, will it be taken into account? In fact, the technique of reading consists of several skills:

1. Ways of reading (by letters, syllables or whole words);
2. The pace of reading, the speed at which a new text will be read in 1 minute.
3. Awareness. When the child understands what is read and can answer questions.
4. Expression, but this skill is worth discussing with your teacher separately. Since for fluent reading, pauses are minimal, unlike regular checking. And if you require a child to read quickly, then it is quite logical that the entire reading process be fast.

Accelerating reading technique from 40 to 74 in 10 lessons in the second grade

Video with a ready-made selection of games to speed up reading from 40 to 74 in 10 lessons:

Now you know how to teach a child to read quickly and the reading technique is not terrible for your family!

Try different methods and options, we wish you an easy, fast and fun learning to read. Let your kid easily master reading and enjoy it constantly mastering new books and knowledge!

If earlier children went to the first grade and learned letters there, then syllables, and only then they mastered reading words and phrases, today the situation has changed dramatically. First-graders sit down at their desks already knowing how to read at least syllable by syllable, and some children quite fluently voice the pages of the primer. After all, today the early development of the child is given great attention, and learning to read is one of the main and most important steps. But many parents are faced with the fact that the baby cannot correctly fold the letters into syllables. Do not be upset ahead of time, perhaps the baby is not yet ready to master this science, but can turn learning into a game process and progress will immediately become visible. What should parents do who want to teach their child to read by syllables at home?

The time has come: how to determine that physiologically the child is ready to learn to read

Many parents ask themselves: at what age can you start learning to read? Child psychologists and teachers do not give an unambiguous answer to this question, because everything depends on the psychological and physiological readiness of the child himself. Some children already at the age of 4 put letters into syllables without problems, while others are aware of the process itself only at school. Nevertheless, experts identify several signs by which adults can understand that the baby is already ready to move on to learning:

• coherent and clear speech: the child can speak in sentences, clearly formulate his thoughts and desires, he is understood not only by his parents, but also by the people around him;
• the baby has no serious speech problems and speech defects. The future student should not burr or lisp in order to clearly and correctly pronounce letters and syllables in the learning process. If the child is five years old, and he does not pronounce several sounds, a speech therapist should be consulted;
• coordination is well developed: the baby understands where the right and left, up and down. It would seem, what does this have to do with reading? The most direct: this is necessary so that the baby reads words and syllables correctly. Also, children who have impaired coordination often confuse similar letters: P and b, E and E;
• phonetic hearing is sufficiently developed: the baby should be able to determine with which letter the word begins, which words have the same letters in the composition;
• patience and perseverance: during the learning process, the child must concentrate for at least 10 minutes in order to understand new material and memorize syllables. It is too early to teach reading to a kid who does not want to sit still and concentrate on the primer or other aids;
• interest in letters and reading in a child: if parents notice that the baby often looks at books, asks adults to read what is written on a particular page, shows interest in letters, then it will be interesting for him to learn to read on his own.

The above skills, in most cases, are formed in a child by the age of five. It is from this age that you can start learning to read. It is desirable that by the time the baby needs to go to first grade, i.e. by the age of 7, he could read syllables.

Parents should take into account the wishes of the child before starting his teaching to read. If the baby is not interested in letters and books, cries during class, does not want to concentrate, it is better to leave attempts at a later time. Even if a child who is the same age as your baby is already reading words and sentences, and yours has only learned the letters, but things are not moving forward, you should not force the baby. This can only aggravate the situation and discourage all the desire to study. When the time comes, the baby will quickly master the letters and syllables.

At what age should you start teaching your baby at home?

On this issue, many experts hold different opinions:

• teachers early development insist that it is necessary to start training with children from birth or no later than twelve months. They explain their position by the fact that the baby's brain is intensively developing until three years, and at this time it is necessary to have time to introduce him to letters and words. Most often, for teaching early reading, the Glen Doman method is used, when children are shown words not in syllables, but in their entirety, and the child remembers information in this form;
• speech therapists and child psychologists, on the contrary, do not recommend starting training until the child is fully prepared according to the signs that we discussed above. Experts recommend starting to teach children to read no earlier than five to six years. It is at this age that the child will be able to consciously remember, and most importantly, understand the rules of reading.

But first of all, it all depends on the decision of the parents and the desire of the child himself.

When to start teaching your baby to read - video

Where to start: the right preparation for learning to read

This stage is the precursor to learning to read. To master the skills of composing syllables, and then words and sentences, the child must be prepared for the study of letters. First of all, the baby should have a well-developed sense of rhythm, coordination and phonemic hearing.

You can start teaching your baby to catch the rhythm from a very young age. To do this, teachers recommend turning on funny children's songs for the baby and asking the baby to dance or just move to the sound of music. Parents need to set an example so that the child tries to repeat the movements of adults. Such exercises have a positive effect on the development of rhythmic hearing.

The development of phonemic hearing is very important so that the child learns to pronounce different sounds correctly, as well as recognize them in words. To do this, experts recommend daily work with children using the following exercises:

• call the baby words, and his task is to say what letter they begin with;
• give the baby a task: to name words whose first letter is only A, B, P and others;
• change the rules a little: let the baby tell you the letter that the word ends with;
• name the words, it is better to start with short ones with one or two syllables in the composition. The task of the baby is to find the right sound. For example, a mother says that it is necessary to determine if there is a sound “a” in the words and calls different words, as soon as a word with the desired sound is found, the baby must repeat it. Teachers recommend starting this game with vowels, their children are easier to identify, and only then move on to consonants.

Quick and easy ways to teach your child to read by syllables

First of all, the child must know all the letters. Experts recommend that parents study not the name of the letters, but immediately the sounds. For example, not "er" but the sound<р>etc. You should start with vowel sounds, as soon as the baby masters and remembers them, you can move on to consonants.

It should be clearly understood that it is the sounds that are needed for reading, not the name of the letters. If a child remembers only letters, it will be very difficult for him to relearn and perceive only sounds.

Today, there are many methods and ways in which parents can teach a future student to read. Consider the most popular of them.

We connect letters into syllables using N. Zhukova's primer

1. Each day you can learn no more than one sound. Before getting to know a new one, it is necessary to repeat all the previous ones so that the baby does not forget them.
2. After successfully memorizing all the sounds, you can try to compose syllables. It is necessary to start from one consonant and one main sound. The first syllables must be composed of sonorant consonants: m, p, n, l and vowels. When the child has mastered these skills, you can try syllables with hissing sounds.
3. Do not rush while composing syllables. Children often find it difficult to figure out how to make sounds together rather than separately. To do this, you need to practice every day for at least 10 minutes to achieve a positive result.
4. First, the parents read the syllable, then the child repeats. After a while, the baby will understand the principle of composing syllables from sounds.

Before you start learning to read, you need to decide on a textbook. For children, N. Zhukova's primer is perfect. According to this primer, children study at school, so it will not be superfluous to purchase it. According to the method of Zhukova, many teachers are engaged and achieve excellent results. The principle of learning to read is based on "running letters", i.e. on the pages of the book, the letters tend to meet each other. This is done so that the child understands: you can’t read by pronouncing sounds separately from each other. The correct reading of syllables is to pronounce sounds together.

The principle that underlies Zhukova's technique is the gradual combination of two sounds into a syllable. For example, "MA": first you need to pronounce the first sound "mmmmmm ..." and add "a" at the end. Then we shorten the first sound, and the second, on the contrary, must be extended: “maaaaaaaa”. As soon as the child learns to combine both sounds and pronounce them together, you can not hold out the sounds, but pronounce one syllable.

For parents, tips are written at the end of each page on how to properly engage with a child while learning to read. It is imperative that you pay attention to them.

We read syllables according to Zhukova's primer - video

Learning to read with Zaitsev's cubes

According to this technique, children do not study sounds separately, and then compose them into syllables. They immediately memorize the whole syllable, which is written on one of the sides of the cube. Kids are engaged exclusively with cubes and only in a playful way.

The principle of this technique is that the child remembers visually, memorizes a whole syllable, and then learns to compose a word from syllables.

But this technique has one drawback: the baby may encounter problems learning to read at school. The fact is that according to the school curriculum, children are first taught letters and sounds, then syllables are made up of them, and then syllables are added to words. A child who memorized and learned two letters at once with the help of cubes does not understand the principle of the classical teaching method.

The principle of the Zaitsev technique - video

What to do if the child does not understand how to put words into syllables

It often happens that the baby simply cannot realize how to pronounce two sounds together without separating them. Experts warn that parents should not allow such pronunciation of syllables. If a child gets used to saying “mea” instead of “ma”, it will be extremely difficult to retrain him, it can take months, and we don’t need this at all. teachers offer parents several ways so that the baby quickly understands how to read two sounds together correctly:

• sing syllables: this method is very effective, children quickly learn how to read a syllable if it is sung. But the task of adults is not to let the child get used to singing. As soon as the baby gets acquainted with the syllable and remembers it well, invite him to simply read this syllable. Alternating classes in this way: the child reads familiar syllables, and sings new ones, the baby quickly learns to pronounce two sounds together;
• resort to the help of visual aids: educational cartoons help a lot, where bright syllables appear on the screen and the author's voice voices them;
• buy a magnetic alphabet for your child: let him make syllables from familiar sounds;
• on the wall you can hang a syllabary table, ordinary or with sound. In the first case, the parents pronounce the syllables, and the child repeats them, and in the second, the baby himself can click on the desired syllable, and the author will call it.

Do not forget that each child is individual, so the pace of mastering reading by syllables for each crumb may differ. Parents should be patient and not rush the baby. The main condition for the successful development of the reading skill is regular classes. Let them be short-lived, but daily and a positive result is guaranteed.

Games for learning to read by syllables

Psychologists and teachers unanimously say that the best results in the learning process can be achieved if classes are held in a playful way. Every child loves to play, so it will be interesting for him to learn syllables during the game. There are many different games that will surely interest your little student.

1. Draw or print on cards any transport that your baby likes best, such as a bus or train. Make as many cards as the child knows the vowel sounds, and write one vowel on each card. Invite the baby to ride these letters, but in the company of friends. Now you can substitute one consonant for each vowel to get “BA”, “BO”, “BE”, “BI”, “BYA”, etc. Then the consonants need to be changed so that the child remembers other combinations of sounds. Moreover, consonants can be placed both before the main ones and after, forming different syllables.
2. Let's be friends: children love to make new friends, so you can invite your baby to make friends with different sounds. In order to interest the child, make the image of beeches a little more interesting: draw a girl and a boy, or a dog and a cat or other animals, and attach one letter each to their clothes. Let the child add two letters, as if introducing them and pronouncing the syllable, so that they make friends. Bright and colorful images are quickly remembered in the mind of the baby.
3. Card games. You can draw it yourself or buy a ready-made kit. The goal of this game is to compose a word so that a picture is also obtained - an image of an animal or object. But for starters, you can ask the child to add only individual syllables and pronounce them. A little later, you can move on to composing short words, and then long ones.

Using their imagination and knowing the preferences and interests of the baby, parents can come up with many games that will help the baby quickly learn to read by syllables. It all depends on the desire of the crumbs and the patience of adults, who should gently lead the future student to regular reading.

Educational cartoon for children: learning syllables - video

1. Play more with the child, he should perceive the lessons as fun pastime and not a duty.
2. Never force your child to read, this will negatively affect the learning process. Better show by example that reading is wonderful and exciting. Children repeat a lot after adults.
3. Always repeat the material covered, so the baby will remember the syllables better.
4. Practice in any free time: walking down the street, playing syllables, etc. The more often you engage with the baby, the faster he will remember the syllables and begin to compose words.
5. More variety: Don't stop with just a primer or syllabary. Include educational videos and cartoons for your child.
6. Read together: Develop a kind of ritual and read aloud to your baby before bed or at lunch. Have your child read one word and you complete the sentence. Gradually, the baby will want to read more: phrases, and then sentences.
7. Do not take breaks in reading: try to study every day for at least a few minutes. If the child is not set up to perceive information in a playful way, repeat with him the material already covered, the syllables familiar to him.
8. Interest the kid: write him a note and let him try to read it, or come up with a game in the style of a quest, where the clues are written on the cards. If the child reads everything and understands the tasks, a prize awaits him.
9. Children should not be scolded: if they fail to read, just be patient, explain once, twice, three times, as long as it takes. Encourage the baby so that he does not lose the desire to move on.
10. Be sure to encourage the baby: praise him, give gifts, buy what he has long wanted. The child must know that his efforts bring positive results and he will aspire to the next heights. Motivation - The best way stimulate the child's interest in reading.

Features of education depending on the age of the child

Although many experts do not recommend teaching children to read before the age of five, until they are physically and psychologically ready, a large number of parents prefer to start classes with children in more early age from the age of two or three. Some mothers and fathers send their children from the age of one to children's development centers, where babies are taught to read at this age.

The principle of teaching reading to children of different ages - table

Criterion	1 – 3 years	4 years	5 – 6 years
Teaching methodology	Most often, children are taught on Glen Doman's cards. The principle of this technique is that children are shown cards on which certain words are written. Toddlers remember visually as a whole, and not individual syllables or letters.	At this age, it will be interesting for children to study Zaitsev's cubes. Kids in the process of playing can build words and phrases.	The classic method of learning to read by primer. Children are taught vowels and consonants, then syllables are made up of sounds, and only then words.
Tutorials	Large cards with words written in red.	Wooden or cardboard cubes. You can also include educational cartoons with syllables for children.	Primer, flashcards, educational videos and games.
Regularity of classes	Classes are held only if the baby wants, if the baby is naughty, cries and is not in the mood to remember information, it is better to postpone the classes.	At least three times a week, you need to deal with the child with the help of cubes. If the crumbs have a desire to play more often, parents should not interfere with this.	It is advisable to study every day and do not take breaks in training
Class time	3-5 minutes at a time. Classes can be held up to three to five times a day.	If the child likes to read and do exercises, you should not limit him in time. As a rule, children study for no more than 20 minutes, and then switch to another activity.	Teachers recommend reading at least one page of the primer a day. If the child wants to continue the lesson, parents need to help him in this and praise him for his desire to read.

Possible consequences of too early and incorrect training

Despite the fact that children's early development centers are so popular today, where children are taught to read, write and count from the first months of life, many neurologists and psychologists note negative consequences for babies. Experts justify their point of view by the fact that adults interfere in the baby's brain activity when he is not yet ready for such a load. And the consequences of this can be manifested:

• neurosis, hysteria and aggressive behavior: the unformed nervous system is not ready to perceive such an amount of information that early development teachers provide. Therefore, as they grow older, children sleep poorly, become nervous, prone to aggression and inappropriate behavior. These are symptoms of an overload of the nervous system, so this situation requires a doctor's consultation;
• functional disorders in the brain: this is manifested in the complete lack of interest in learning in a child. Moreover, teachers do not get tired of repeating that the baby can learn, grasps everything from the first minutes, has a good memory and logic, but he has no desire and desire to do anything. This is due to early loads on brain activity and with age, the body, as it were, protects itself from overexertion and information overkill, although it is already ready to perceive it;
• some children have significantly reduced chances and opportunities to fully develop their intellectual potential.

Many educators and psychologists insist that teaching children to read before the age of four or five is not only undesirable, but also dangerous. At an early age, children are not ready for the perception and differentiation of sounds that need to be known in order to learn to read. If you teach a child to read before the age of four, then he develops an inefficient reading mechanism, i.e. the baby simply visually memorizes words, syllables, but is not able to understand how to put letters into syllables. This mechanism of perception remains at an older age. And it is very difficult to retrain a child in the correct principle of reading.

Neurologists confirm that the negative effects of learning to read early can manifest themselves later in life, for example, when it is time for a child to start school. The baby begins to get sick often, he has an allergy. In some cases, children can be diagnosed with nervous strain, clumsiness, and impaired coordination. Therefore, experts insist that there is no need to adjust the time: the child will learn to read when he is ready for it, you should not overload the brain of the crumbs in order to avoid negative consequences for his health.

Why you shouldn't teach your kids to read too early - video

Parents are the main helpers of children on the way to learning to read. The kid trusts his mother, because he is used to her reading fairy tales and various stories to him. Many experts and educators insist that you should not rush and try to teach a child to read at the age of one who cannot speak yet. The kid should be completely ready for the beginning of the perception of letters and sounds. Gradually, you can introduce the baby to letters, then syllables, and then words. Conduct all activities in a playful way so that the child is interested. And also do not forget to encourage the baby and then the success of the learning process is guaranteed to you.

In the modern world, parents have to face the need to teach their child to read at home. Far from always kindergarten kids can learn it. Collective activities are not always fully absorbed by the baby. Additional classes with teachers are quite expensive, not everyone can afford them. Therefore, parents try to do it at home.

Implications of Early Reading and Developmental Stages

Now many people are eager to start developing and educating their children as early as possible. However, this approach can be not only useless, but also harmful to the health of the child. The results of the early start of training may not affect immediately. They can appear after a few years and appear in a completely unexpected form: stuttering, tics, obsessive movements, neuroses.

In order to understand why there are such consequences, it is necessary to know about the main stages of development and formation of the child.

• From the very beginning of pregnancy until the baby reaches 3 years old, the basis for his future physical and mental health. At this time, actively formed emotional sphere, as well as the body of the child and his cognitive interests develop at an accelerated pace.
• In the period from the age of three to 5-8 years, there is an active development of the sense organs: hearing, vision, smell, touch, taste buds. Up to 5-6 years, the ciliary muscle of the eye, which is responsible for visual acuity, is strengthened. That is why, ophthalmologists do not recommend giving heavy loads on the eyes during this period, it is dangerous for the development of myopia.
• At the age of 7 to 15 years, the conscious psyche of the child actively develops.

In order to avoid the negative results of early learning, all these factors must be taken into account.

Preliminary preparation

It is necessary to start preparing a child for reading long before the learning process. It is necessary to actively develop the child's phonemic hearing and sense of rhythm. These are important ingredients for successful reading instruction.

Sense of rhythm

You can start developing a sense of rhythm even during pregnancy. Sing lullabies to the baby, who is still in the womb, with this future mom help develop a sense of rhythm. The baby will remember their rhythmic pattern and, having been born, he will calm down much faster to the sounds that he has already heard. You can not only sing lullabies, but also recite poems, stroke your stomach, observing the rhythm of performance.

In infants and early age, a child can read nursery rhymes, jokes. While reading, pat it, stroke it, clap your small hands, throw it up on your knees, stomp your feet at a given pace. Such simple games with the baby will perfectly contribute to the development of his sense of rhythm. You can also use small songs, chants, combine them with massage. Starting at 4 months old, you can combine songs with rhythmic movements. As an example, you can use the song “We were swinging. Swing, Swing, Swing, Swing!". Combine singing a song and rocking the baby at a given pace. Teach your baby to dance, move to different melodies - waltz, polka, march.

Use "sounding gestures" of the body: clapping, loud and quiet slapping on the body, stomping, snapping fingers not only in the air, but also on the body. Teach your child to knock with various objects: spoons, cubes, toys. When he can walk on his own, you can start rhythmic gymnastics.

Develop a sense of rhythm through speech. Clap and stomp words, poems, songs, nursery rhymes in the rhythm of reading. Long syllables will be rare claps, short syllables will be frequent. Use fluid hand movement. Learn to reproduce the rhythmic pattern that you have depicted. Use the simplest musical instruments: rattles, maracas, bells, drum, spoons, metallophone, metal triangle.

All these simple games will not only be interesting and fun for the child, but will also help in developing a sense of rhythm.

phonemic hearing

With the help of phonemic hearing, or speech, we distinguish and recognize sounds, perceive their sequence in a word, understand the meaning of what is said, distinguish words that are similar in sound composition. If it is not sufficiently developed, then the baby will have problems in pronunciation of sounds, in speech development, in the ability to build coherent stories, and literate writing and reading skills will not be developed.

You can begin to develop speech hearing in crumbs from the moment he is born. Talk to him, pronounce the sounds that he pronounces and which he still does not know how to pronounce. Sing him songs for children and lullabies, read poems, nursery rhymes.

A period having a very great importance in the development of speech hearing, is the age of six months to two years. But its final formation ends by the age of 7, when the child's speech becomes similar to the speech of an adult.

Useful activities from 6 months to 2 years:

• When the baby gets older, you can invite him to “listen to the silence” by closing his eyes. Let him then tell you about the sounds that he heard (ticking, dripping water, noise from neighbors), and then compare them with the sounds that you heard.
• Have your child find the sound. To do this, hide any thing that makes a sound and let him find it. You can play blindfold, blindfold and ring a bell.
• Show how different objects sound (the sound of a spoon, a ball bouncing on the floor, the rustling of polyethylene, the rustle of paper sheets, the creak of a door, something falling to the floor). After that, blindfold the child and ask him to guess which object makes the sound. Play like this with musical instruments.
• Make noise makers with your child. To do this, fill small jars with various bulk items (sand, stones, semolina, millet, beans, small metal objects). Make a pair of each type. Then ask your child to close their eyes and make some noise. Let the child find a pair, a jar with the same filling.

In the development of phonemic hearing, games to develop a sense of rhythm can help:

• Play a game of loud and quiet. For loud words or the sound of some objects, agree to perform one action, for a quiet sound - other actions.
• Find what you need. For the game, pick up words with similar sounds (dot-night) and the corresponding pictures to them. Name the object, and your baby should find it in the picture as quickly as possible.
• Ask your child to clap or stomp only when you name the item correctly. Make a mistake in pronunciation, replace the first letter: grilavok, drylavok, trilavok, counter, shrilavok ...
• Let the kid find the mistakes: We lit the sheep (candle). A house (catfish) floated in the river.
• Agree to pronounce only the same syllables, and if you make a mistake, the child says “stop”, clap or stomp. Ra-ra-ra-ra-ra-ba-ra-ra.
• Use onomatopoeia to develop phonemic awareness. Ask them to say how a cat, a dog, how a fly, a mosquito flies ...
• "Whose house?" For the game, draw houses with a different number of windows (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Choose words with the appropriate number of sounds (mind, mouth, tiger, mouse, magpie, gift). Explain that each word has its own house and in order to find it, you need to count the number of windows in the house and the number of sounds in the word. For one sound - one window.
• "Runaway Letter" Ask the kid to guess which letter escaped: _orona, _agon, _orobey, _arenye, _arezhka. (letter B escaped).

Develop phonemic awareness with educational games. Many of these games can be played not only at home, but also in a long line, on a walk, during a trip.

It is good if you teach your child to divide words into syllables early. How to do this, the teacher Svetlana Orochko tells in the next video.

How do you know if a child is ready to learn to read?

• the child builds coherent stories, does not get confused, making sentences, speech is meaningful and intelligible;
• he pronounces all sounds, has no speech therapy problems;
• he is fine with hearing;
• development of phonemic hearing at the proper level;
• has landmarks in space, can show where left-right, top-bottom.
• is interested in literature and maybe even asks you to teach him to read.

If all these factors are present, then you can start learning to read.

The choice of teaching methods

If earlier everyone used only the traditional method, now there are many of them. You need to approach the choice of a suitable program responsibly, because each of them has not only pluses, but also its minuses. Training according to the Tyulenev method, Zaitsev's cubes, Glen Doman's training methodology and his cards - all these fashionable methods that do not yet have long-term studies.

It is often possible to encounter the fact that a child can read as early as 3-4 years. However, speech pathologists, teachers, and neuroscientists may not like it very much. Children whose parents' choice fell on memorizing syllables may have problems with sound-letter parsing of words. Students learning in an unconventional way may have difficulty dividing words into syllables, "swallowing" the endings of words. Retraining such children is given to teachers much harder than learning from scratch.

On the part of neurology, there may be problems with hyperactivity, increased excitability. The socialization of a child can be very difficult. Reading can be mechanical. The child quickly composes words from syllables, can read sentences perfectly, but at the same time does not understand at all what he has read.

For more information on choosing a technique, see the following video.

Learn letters

It is worth starting to study letters with the vowels “a”, “o”, “y”, “e”, “s”, “and”. Tell your child why these letters are called vowels. They can be sung with a voice, consonants cannot be sung.

After studying the vowels, we begin to learn voiced consonants - "m", "l", "n". It is necessary that the child fixes his attention precisely on the letter, its graphic writing, and not on the picture associated with it (A-Stork, B-hippopotamus).

After a thorough study by the baby of vowels and voiced consonants, you can begin to learn deaf consonants (“t”, “p”, and others) and hissing “zh”, “sh”, “h”, “u”.

Remember, when studying letters, never use their name. The child needs to memorize letters with the help of sounds. No "ER", "DE", "EM", etc., only "R", "D", "M". It’s still difficult for a kid to understand that if the letter is called “EM”, then why is it not read like that in the word MAMA. He will read EMAEMA.

Reinforce previously learned material each time. When studying letters, be sure to remember those that the baby already knows.

Be calm and patient. Even adults are not given anything right away. Understand that the world of letters for a baby is very complicated. If today he cannot remember the letter that was studied yesterday, then you should not scold him for it, but should repeat it again, and be sure to remember it the next day. Repeat the material covered until the child begins to navigate it well.

Learning to read syllables correctly

You need to start learning how to add letters almost immediately. After you learn the vowels and a couple of consonants, you can already merge syllables.

Very accessible for children, how syllables are formed from letters is described in N. Zhukova's "Primer".

A cheerful boy runs from letter to letter. The first sound lasts until it reaches the second. Instead of a cheerful boy, you can use any child's favorite toy. It may be a boat sailing from one port to port; a bear cub traveling from one letter to another; a car that moves from one parking lot to another ... There are many options, the kid himself can tell the plot.

Start learning to read by syllables with a combination of two vowels: AAAUUU, OOOUUU. When the child understands how to combine sounds, move on to syllables with a combination of consonant + vowel (BA, YES, BUT). Learn the letter and add syllables with it. It will be more difficult for a child to add syllables with hissing consonants (ZHU, ZHA, CHA). This will be the next step in learning.

After the child learns how to add open syllables (consonant + vowel), move on to closed syllables (vowel + consonant). You can please the baby that he has learned to read words (AH, OH, YES, ZH).

At the initial stage of learning to read syllables, ask the child to sing them, so he will not pronounce individual sounds. Singing will help you learn to read syllables together. Always review what you have learned so far. You can use ready-made video tutorials or presentations. This will add a touch of variety to your classes.

An example of how letters need to be combined into syllables, see the following video.

How to teach to read correctly in syllables?

After the child has memorized all the letters and learned to read syllables, it's time to learn to read by syllables.

At first, offer simple words to read: MOM, FRAME, SOAP, BABA, MILA. Watch your child's pronunciation. Teach him to read 3 letter words: CHEESE, CAT, HOUSE, MOUTH. Later, move on to reading words with 3 or more syllables: CROW, FORTY, MILK. Choose words to read that refer to specific objects or actions.

After the baby can read single words, start reading simple sentences. RO-MA SOAPED RA-MU. MA-MA WE-LA MI-LU. I AND RO-MA - MO-LOD-TSY. Pay attention to the fact that the child pauses between words, sentences, observe the rhythm and intonation. During this period, you can explain to the child what punctuation marks are and why they are needed. You need to talk about the question and exclamation marks, how the dot differs from the comma, that the sentence contains a complete thought.

How to teach a child to read fluently?

Reading by syllables is characterized by the fact that it takes children a lot of time and effort. The child first reads the word syllable by syllable, then combines the syllables into a word. If he reads a sentence, then these processes occur with every word from it. Only then does he combine words into sentences and can understand their meaning. As a result, when reading a small text, a young reader cannot always identify its meaning. There is no holistic perception of the text.

The next step in learning will be reading familiar simple words holistically, but more Difficult words the child will continue to read in syllables. At this time, he can make many mistakes when reading, because he begins to guess the words, replace the endings in them. It is very important not to miss this moment. If you notice a large number of errors while reading, you need to slow down. This is done so that frequent revisiting of what has already been read to correct errors does not lead to eye movement regression.

Only after passing through this stage, the child learns to read holistically, fluently. At the same time, the pace of reading increases, errors become rare.

In order for a child to learn to read fluently, you need to pay attention to:

• development of operative memory (information is stored in memory for the time it takes to complete a task, achieve a goal);
• expansion of the angle of view;
• development of attention;
• inadmissibility of regressive eye movements;
• vocabulary expansion;
• good development of articulation.

Repeated reading practice will greatly help you in developing the skill of fluent reading. Do not force the child to read for a long time, let him read for 5 minutes and rest. Such five-minute reading sessions can be arranged several times during the day. Visual dictations will be invaluable help. They are very helpful in developing working memory. In the formation of the skill of fluent reading, reading tongue twisters, expressive reading will help.

For the development of RAM, the child can be offered to play the following games:

• We examine the picture with the objects depicted on it for 30 seconds - 1 minute. We close it and ask the baby to name the objects or write them down. By the same principle, several objects (about 10) can be placed on the table and let them be examined. After that, ask the baby to turn away and remove 2 items or swap them with each other. Ask the child to name items that have been removed or what has changed.
• The game "Find the same cards" can help. All cards are face down. The child alternately opens a pair of cards and looks for the same ones. The one with the most collected pairs wins.
• Within a few seconds, offer to consider the picture, and then removing it, ask the child to tell in as much detail as possible about what was depicted.

To expand the angle of view of a child, the use of Schulte tables will be very effective.

The following games can help you develop your attention:

• "Find a picture." Several bright, colorful pictures are laid out in front of the player. It is necessary to show as quickly as possible to the picture that the presenter calls. The game will be more interesting if there are 2 or 3 players. Who showed faster on desired picture, he takes it for himself.
• "Cross out the letter." The child is given a piece of paper with letters written on it. Within a few seconds, he must cross out on the sheet all the letters that the adult said (For example, APIGPYYOPARTAABDRLTSA - Cross out the letter A). The time given for strikethrough is determined based on the number of letters on the sheet.
• "Clap when you hear" The child is told various words at a fast pace. He needs to clap his hands when he hears a word on a given topic. Topics can be offered differently each time: vegetables, fruits, wild animals, pets, dishes…

Reading with a closed part of the read text helps to avoid regressing eye movements. Each read word is immediately closed with a ruler, bookmark or sheet of paper.

See the following program for important information for mastering speed reading by a child.

• Start learning to read only when the child is psychologically ready for it. All children can experience this at different ages. Some will be ready to learn by the age of 4, and some only at 6-7 years old.
• Teach only in a playful way. It is still very difficult to perceive and assimilate information on another preschooler. There will be no effect from boring classes.
• Don't force. This can discourage you from reading.
• Lead by example. Children always imitate their parents.
• Teach your child about the importance of reading.
• Responsibly approach the choice of teaching methods.
• Get busy every day. The regularity of classes is very important.
• Do not overestimate the requirements for the child. Act only according to its capabilities.
• Don't compare your child to anyone.
• Dose the information offered.
• Consolidation of what has been learned is very important in teaching reading.
• Use different ways submission of information.
• Show patience, kindness and love to the child.
• Reward your child for success.
• Go from simple to complex.
• Teach your child wherever circumstances permit.
• Read to your child yourself. It is still very difficult for him to read on his own, and the love of reading must be maintained.

Watch GuberniaTV video where Elena Kondrashina talks about how to teach a child to read.

Playing video tutorials can also help a lot in learning to read.

Young parents often ask how to teach a baby to read in syllables? At home, without the help of an experienced teacher, you can cope with the task, you just need to know the secrets of learning. Mandatory elements: patience, perseverance, understanding the needs of the child.

The first grade school program is designed for children with basic reading skills. Helpful Hints useful to parents who want to instill in their son or daughter a love of books.

When to start learning

Do not delay the start of learning if the baby is "ripe" to communicate with the book:

• the child speaks enough, builds meaningful phrases, describes the world around him, can clearly express his thoughts;
• the son or daughter has no pronunciation/hearing problems. Check if you can pronounce the sound "r", "l", hissing. If problems are identified at an early stage of training, visit a speech therapist. The doctor will prescribe a set of exercises for the development of speech. Sometimes pronunciation is hindered by a short frenulum of the tongue. The defect is corrected within one day;
• the son or daughter is freely oriented in the basic directions. Right - left, down - up - these concepts should be known.

Note! It is easier to teach a child to read if parents set a personal example. A child is an inquisitive being. If mom or dad often reads a book/magazine with bright pictures, no child can resist the temptation to find out what their parents are so passionate about. Baby books with colorful illustrations, panoramic books must be at home - a preschooler will be interested in them.

How to teach children to read in syllables

Five important rules:

• choose the right moment. Psychological readiness for learning is no less important than knowing the letters of the alphabet. Most children learn to read at the age of five or six. Sometimes a four-year-old baby insistently asks: "Mom, teach me to read." Try it, perhaps your daughter is actively developing, learning is within her power. At the age of 3, it is still too early to start training;
• don't force. Too persistent attempts will discourage the desire to read, provoke a conflict. Warm up interest, show by example: it is interesting to read. tell the kid interesting stories, explain that you learned everything “out of that book.” Do you have a lot of literature at home? Daughter / son will certainly show interest in reading;
• suitable alphabet. The first book for learning should be bright, understandable. Many teachers of educational centers, parents recommend N.S. Zhukova and A.N. Tkachenko;
• regularity of classes. Be patient, be persistent. Mini-classes should last up to 15 minutes, but take place regularly. According to the behavior, interest of the child, you yourself will see whether to conduct reading lessons daily or every other day. Some children like classes so much that they themselves ask to “read something” on their own every day, others have to be interested (unfortunately, not always successfully);
• do not demand the impossible from the baby. A realistic assessment of opportunities is the key to success. Exaggerated demands, the conditions “you must learn five letters in a week,” and so on, will quickly discourage desire, elevate reading to the rank of a hated activity. Never compare a daughter or son to other people's children who have achieved great success. Resentment against parents, complexes, the consciousness of inferiority will interfere with personal development, seriously lower self-esteem.

Listen to the opinion of teachers, the advice of experienced parents. Follow the rules and your child will certainly learn to read.

• first rule. Start learning with sounds (r, k, m), later explain what the letters are (er, ka, um). Children do not understand well why the letter is called "er", and in the word "dew" you need to read "r";
• second rule. Learn the syllables right away. Teachers agree with this statement. Many parents were convinced: syllables or short words the child remembers easier than some incomprehensible letters;
• third rule. Move from simple to complex. First, teach the children to make sounds. Explain the correct pronunciation immediately. When it is clear that the sounds are different, teach them to repeat them exactly, to read them syllable by syllable. Dosed information - protection from "porridge in the head", mixing new plus recently studied concepts;
• fourth rule. Explain the difference between consonants and vowels. Children understand the difference more easily if they show that vowels can be sung. Speech therapists believe that good exercise to develop correct speech;
• fifth rule. Be the first to learn the syllables with the letter A. Draw new character, fashion it from plasticine / dough, lay out from pencils / sticks. Show the child a letter on a large cube, the pages of the primer. Now learn 4-5 consonants, make syllables from them and the letter A. First, this order (open syllables): MA, PA, LA, BA, then “reverse”. Learn closed syllables - AM, AP, AL, AB. Children should understand that with a different position of the letter, the word changes: BA - RAS, AB - RAM;
• sixth rule. After studying several vowels and consonants, when the young reader realized that a syllable can be made from two letters, learn to read the simplest words. A good start for training the speech apparatus, consolidating skills: MA - MA, PA - PA, BA - BA. Later, make up words from three open syllables: MO - LO - KO, KO - RO - VA. Choose words that are easy to explain, draw an object. For the initial stage, not abstract concepts are needed, but concrete things, animals, people;
• seventh rule. Always fix the result. Repetition of the material covered is a prerequisite for moving forward. Do not proceed to the next step if the child confuses the material learned in the last lesson. Consolidate the material in the form of a game, give up difficult tests so that the son or daughter does not think that they are doing poorly, retain interest;
• eighth rule. Encourage the young student. Get a special board, celebrate successes. For each letter learned, put an asterisk for a young fairy, plant a flower on a “flower bed” made of colored cardboard. Perhaps you have your own options for rewards for young learners. Share your knowledge, many parents will be grateful to you.

Little tricks

Experienced mothers share secrets that helped to interest the child. Your task is to make the process of learning to read easy, not boring.

A few tips:

• the first words must have the same letters: BA - BA, MA - MA;
• if the baby does not understand what a syllable is, say that the letters are connected, because it is easier to create words this way. Offer to repeat a simple exercise. Pronounce a consonant, preferably sibilant, with a drawl, then add a vowel. Example: SHSHSHSH + A - it turns out SHA, XXXX + O, it turns out XO;
• when a young student has learned to read words from two open syllables, show the “syllable plus letter” construction: KO + T, RO + T, MA + K. Be sure to accompany the story with a picture, show an object or a living being in the primer. Type constructions: Yu + LA, O + SIL study after memorizing the words of the first type CO + H, BUT + F;
• always learn closed syllables (AP) after open ones (PA), leave complex letters: Y, b and b for later. Words in which a syllable consists of three letters, learn only after the son / daughter correctly read simpler constructions. Compare: MO - LO - KO and KO - LO - BOK, CO - BA and CO - WOK, ZHU + K and ZHUCH - KA.

Interesting ideas:

• cubes with bright letters will help you remember new symbols. Compose syllables and words, ask a small student to find among three to four vowels (consonants) an “extra” consonant (vowel);
• while reading, offer the children a beautiful bookmark to make it easier to separate new material from what they have read. With a wide pointer or bookmark, it is convenient to show the desired letter, move it through the syllables when reading. Make a pointer together so that the young reader likes the subject;
• a good exercise is to read the advertising signs on shops or cafes while walking. Large letters are easy to recognize (choose a sign without ornate "scribbles");
• many mothers advise sculpting letters from dough or plasticine. Look for Alphabet cookies. Some companies produce letter-shaped pasta;
• Always keep your classes light and fun. The game helps a lot when you need to remember all the cartoon characters / fairy-tale heroes for a learned letter. For example, R - Turnip, Little Mermaid and so on;
• after learning a new letter, come up with as many words as possible with it. It’s too early to play “Cities”, but a child of 4–6 years old can easily indicate the names of animals, dishes, products, the names of cartoon characters;
• offer children 5-6 years old to become a "cook". His task: to compose a menu so that dishes begin with a learned letter. If there are few such dishes, ask them to find products in the refrigerator or cabinet that start with K or M;
• another game to teach a child to read by syllables. Before eating, ask to read in syllables what the baby has on the plate. Help your son or daughter, pronounce some words together, setting the tone and rhythm: PYU - RE, SU + P, KA - BACH - KI, MO - LO - KO;
• school game. A method proven over the years that improves the perception of the material. Of course, the roles change here: the mother is the “student”, the child is the “teacher”. At the request of the teacher, an adult writes a dictation, but without fail, with a mistake. The child must show where the wrong letter is, of course, put an assessment. Don't make too many mistakes so you don't get a "deuce".

A benevolent attitude, patience, love for the child will help to cope with such a difficult task as learning to read by syllables.