Retirement age in Europe. The size of the pension in different countries. Which countries are raising the retirement age?

A citizen of any country in the world, reaching a certain age threshold, has the right to expect that the state will take care of him by accruing pension provision, which in most democratic countries has long been considered an inalienable right of every person. The amount of the pension in different countries depends on many factors, including:

In addition, the retirement age for men and women depends on the pension legislation of the state.

If we talk about Russia, at present, according to the age, women retire at 55 years old, men - at 60. However, since 2019, as a result of the pension reform, the retirement age is now 60 and 65 years, respectively.

• By disability.
• In connection with the loss of a breadwinner.
• Based on seniority.
• For special distinction before the state.

Pension in Russia can be as follows:

• insurance;
• social;
• cumulative.

An insurance pension is awarded, as a rule, in old age, in the presence of a disability or in the event of the loss of a breadwinner for any reason. On social pension can be calculated by those citizens who cannot confirm the presence seniority as well as members of their families.

Citizens of the Russian Federation who were born not earlier than 1967 have the right to open a personal account for the accumulation of pension contributions during their seniority. Subsequently, the size of the so-called funded pension will depend on the amount of savings. In 2020, the following average pensions have been established in Russia:

• Insurance - 15,495 rubles.
• For disability - 14,593 rubles.
• Social - 5 180 rubles.
• For the disabled and war veterans - 46,000 rubles.

Germany

The level of development of the state depends, among other things, on the attitude towards pensioners. An example is the German pension system. A state with one of the most powerful economies in the world provides its citizens who have reached retirement age with all the conditions for a decent life.

The pension threshold established in the country is the same for men and women and is equal to 67 years. Despite this, citizens of the country can retire without waiting for such an age: this is possible if the pensioner pays out of personal savings a certain amount necessary to compensate for the shortfall in the pension fund funds (about 0.3% of the available savings for each unfinished month).

It would be logical to assume that everything is in order with the size of the pension in Germany. On average, women in Germany receive 630 euros, and men - 1080. The average pension is 770 euros.

It should be said that, despite the reunification of the two Germanys, which happened after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the difference in the development of the east and west of the country exists to this day.

Working at one of the German enterprises, a citizen of the country during the length of service deducts about 20% of earnings to the Pension Fund. At the same time, half of the amount of deductions is charged directly from the employee, the other half is paid by the employer.

Every German has the opportunity to use the services of one of the insurance companies in order to independently determine the amount of pension payments and accumulate the pension amount.

To count on insurance pension, a German citizen must work at one of the country's enterprises for at least 5 years. Under certain conditions, a pension in Germany can also be accrued to foreigners.

USA

In the US, men retire at 67 and women at 65 and earn an average of $1,503 per month. One of the features of the American pension system is the ability to accumulate the required pension amount by working in one of the country's companies for 10 years. Many of the citizens during the implementation of labor activities manage to collect savings for two or even three pensions.

If an American wishes to retire early due date, for example, at the age of 62 (early retirement age in the States), then he will have to submit a corresponding request, indicating the reasons that prompted him to take such a step. At the same time, an early pensioner must be prepared for the fact that the amount of the pension will be 70% of the amount that he would have received if he retired at 67, and there will be no possibility to go to 100% in the future.

Working at any enterprise, an American, as a rule, in addition to deductions to the state pension fund, has the opportunity to accumulate savings for a future pension in an additional pension fund, which is available in most large companies and corporations.

The amount of deductions to the state fund is about 15% of the salary, half of which is paid by the employee himself, and the other half by the enterprise. After reaching retirement age, about 30% of American citizens continue to work.

Great Britain

Experts believe that the UK pension system is close to perfection. As in most other countries, pension payments in the kingdom can be public, private or appointed by seniority. Men go on a well-deserved rest at the age of 65, women - at 60–65 years. If a British pensioner continues to work after reaching this age, there is a pension supplement for each year worked.

On average, a British citizen receives 125 pounds a week.

To be eligible for a basic pension, a citizen of the kingdom must work in the country for at least 10 years: at the same time, each year worked increases the size of the future pension by 4.44 pounds sterling per week. Thus, the minimum basic pension will be equal to 44.4 pounds per week.

If the Briton has chosen to accumulate the pension amount in one of the private financial institutions, he can independently determine the amount of payments, no restrictions are set.

Employees contribute, as a rule, 5–8% of their earnings to such accumulation funds: in accordance with the latest changes in legislation, now, if necessary, a quarter of the amount accumulated in this way can be withdrawn without paying taxes.

Some Englishmen take such a step, for example, in order to improve their living conditions.

More than significant pension supplements are provided in the UK for World War II veterans: depending on the military rank or the severity of the injuries received, such a pensioner can receive in terms of Russian currency from 150 to 650 thousand rubles a month.

Of course, with such a passive income, a British pensioner may well devote the autumn of his life to traveling, all kinds of hobbies, implementing projects for which there was not enough time in his youth.

China

Perhaps the main feature of China's pension system is the lack of payments to agricultural workers. This situation is familiar to Soviet citizens: until the 60s of the last century, collective farmers in the USSR were not officially paid a pension, a small allowance was paid by a collective farm or state farm. Managers, civil servants and workers of industrial enterprises can count on pension payments in China.

Retirement age is 60 for Chinese men, 55 for female managers, and 50 for other women.

In general, despite the unprecedented economic growth that China has shown over the past three decades, most of the issues related to the provision of pensions for its citizens continue to be unresolved. Today, it can be seen with the naked eye how China's positions do not fit in most world rankings, reflecting the general state of the economy with the size of the pensions of citizens of the Middle Kingdom.

The average pension in China today is about 150-200 USD.

Over the course of their working life, a Chinese worker contributes 11% of his salary to the state pension fund: 4% is taken automatically when calculating wages, and 7% is paid by the employer. The pension is about 20% of the average salary. To earn the right to receive the so-called basic pension, it is necessary to work in a state-owned enterprise for 15 years or more.

One of the explanations for such a low level of pensions in China can be considered the presence of a large number of citizens whose age has exceeded 65 years.

This situation was the result of birth control that existed until recently. The Chinese nation is now recognized as aging: the number of pensioners in the country exceeds the total population in Russia. Economists say that about 40% of the country's budget goes to paying pensions.

Japan

The average Japanese pension, which today is about 1700 USD, allows pensioners of the Land of the Rising Sun not to experience financial difficulties and feel quite comfortable. This money is quite enough for food and utility bills, and still remains for leisure activities, which, however, at this age is quite moderate in terms of costs.

A Japanese can go on a well-deserved rest at the age of 65, this applies to both men and women. However, if a citizen of the country expresses a desire to retire earlier, the laws of the state allow him to do this: you can stop active work at the age of 60, but the amount of the pension will decrease by 25%.

If the Japanese continue to work after the retirement age, each worked year adds a certain amount to pension payments, and by the age of 70, the pension may increase by a quarter.

According to statistics, the Japanese are the longest living nation in the world. The number of citizens who have overcome the century mark exceeds 60 thousand people, the average life expectancy is 84 years.

Experts believe that it helps the Japanese to reach such years proper nutrition: Rice, soybeans, seafood predominate in the diet of the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun. In addition, when retiring, the Japanese continue to lead an extremely active lifestyle. Japanese pensioners can be seen in any part of the world as restless tourists.

The vast majority of Japanese old people do the so-called morning exercises "on the radio", the Japanese aged try to prefer walking to moving by car. In addition, the country has a healthcare system recognized by many experts as the best in the world. After 60 years, every Japanese regularly undergoes a medical examination, keeping his finger on the pulse in the literal and figurative sense.

Denmark

Considering the topic of pensions for citizens in different countries of the world, one cannot fail to mention Denmark - the country with the highest pension in the world today. On average, a Danish pensioner receives 2,800 US dollars per month, and this is not a joke. It can be difficult for a Russian pensioner to understand how this is possible.

The average life expectancy in Denmark today is 80 years, while the Danes retire at 65-67 years.

The priority direction of state policy today is to create the most favorable conditions for the life of people of retirement age, which is why many people call Denmark a paradise for pensioners. Often a pensioner in the country feels better off than a working person.

In addition to more than decent state pension, the Danes often have savings in the NPF, as a result of which the pensioner's income can be even higher. Such a strategy of the state is aimed, among other things, at ensuring that the pensioner remains independent and capable for as long as possible, since the maintenance of persons old age in nursing homes is carried out at the expense of public funds.

In order to provide additional support to the country's pensioners, a branch has been created in each Danish municipality public organization DunAge.

France

As in most EU countries, French pensioners retire at 65 (women) or 67 (men). The French live on average about 80 years, and the average size national pensions - about 1400 euros.

The French pension system is part of the general social insurance system, which is recognized by experts as one of the most complex and multifaceted in the world. The reverse side of some intricacy of pension rules is the ability to protect yourself from the most unexpected situations and provide for the most favorable way to receive pension payments.

In other words, a French pensioner can expect to receive a pension on an individual basis based on his circumstances. At the same time, not a single nuance related to the amount of pension payments will be overlooked (for example, disability received at the workplace, work in harmful conditions, etc.).

According to the laws of the country, an employee claiming the maximum pension must have worked in French enterprises for 40 years or more. Subsequently, the 25 highest-paid years out of these forty will be taken into account when determining the size of the pension. In addition to the basic one, in France there is a so-called funded pension, accrued in a special way using a special point system.

As a result, a retired Frenchman receives monthly payments in the amount of half the salary plus a certain amount from insurance savings.

If a citizen of the country has worked for his life, for example, 41.5 years (or 166 quarters), he can claim 100% pension payments. Each quarter unfinished before this deadline reduces the amount of payments by 1.25%. It should be borne in mind that if the seniority was interrupted due to unemployment or pregnancy (up to six months), then this time is taken into account when calculating a pension.

The global trend of recent decades is the increase in life expectancy of the population and a gradual increase (PV). This is especially true for countries with a high level of economic and social development, which is also accompanied by an increase in the period of physiological working capacity of citizens.

Now Russia has also taken this path, however, without waiting for either economic growth or its “social orientation”.

However, each country has its own criteria, dynamics and age indicators; therefore, the topic requires detailed coverage, taking into account the “geographical factor”.

In the post-Soviet space, after the collapse of the USSR, things in this respect moved off the ground, although at different speeds.

• , as is known, as a result of which, by 2023, the PV will increase for men and women by 5 years and will be 65 years for the first, and 60 years for the second. According to statistics (2018) is 66 years for men and 77 years for women
• KAZAKHSTAN earlier than other Central Asian states, he began to resolve the issue of increasing the PV. Already now, here, men have reached the established indicator and leave at 63 years old. The change in the PV of women is still ongoing. Every year it increases by 0.5 years and in 2019 is 58.5 years; the increase in women's PV will end in 2027, when it will be equal to men's, reaching the same 63 years. Currently, men in Kazakhstan live on average up to 63 years, women - up to 73.
• launched the process of raising the HP from 2017. Unlike Russia, it occurs more smoothly (by 0.5 years per calendar year) and within smaller limits. As a result, by 2023, the life expectancy of men will increase from 60 to 63 years, and that of women, from 55 to 58. The difference in life expectancy is also in favor of women: 76 versus 69 for men.
• , being in the most severe conditions of political and economic chaos, to the best of its ability, it also tries to keep up with the times in terms of increasing the PV. True, this applies only to women. The Ukrainian authorities decided to leave the exit age for men at the same level - 60 years, and in the future they decided to equalize the age of women with men, gradually raising it since 2011. In particular, in 2019 it increased to 58.5 years. The male population in Ukraine lives on average up to 62 years, the female - up to 74.

Table: "Retirement age in different countries of the world"

The Baltic countries, which are part of the EU, meanwhile managed to increase the PV by 2 times.

• not only among the Baltic states, but throughout the entire post-Soviet space, it leads in terms of average life expectancy: 75 for men, 85 for women. It is not surprising that the Estonians did not stop at raising the PV to 63 years for men and women (the expression, so to speak, “equality of the sexes in the European way”). The retirement age has now been raised to 65., but the process is very smooth (one might even say, in a leisurely, typically "Estonian style") - the step is 3 months per year, and the required indicator will be reached in 2026.
• In the ROI until 2014, for both sexes it was 62 years. Since 2014, the indicator began to rise to a new ceiling - 65 years, which will be reached in 2025. Men here live an average of 70 years, women - 80.
• LITHUANIA is characterized by approximately the same life expectancy of the population as in neighboring Latvia (70 years for men / 80 for women). The primary rise in PV occurred before the age of 60 for women and 62.5 years for men. Now a new benchmark has been set - 65 years for both; the increase is as slow as in other Baltic countries and will end by 2026.
• GEORGIA, disowning the "Soviet heritage", however, with an increase in the PV, it retained a 5-year difference for men and women - respectively, 65 and 60 years. Average life expectancy: men - 70 years, women - 79.
• ARMENIA- among the leaders in the CIS in terms of life expectancy, which averages 71 years for the male population and 78 years for the female population. Men here retire at 65, women at 63.
• stopped at the following PV indicators: 63 years for men, 60 years for women. At the same time, men on average live up to 70 years, and women - up to 76.

European countries are characterized by rather high rates of established (or gradually achieved) PV (more often - the same for men and women).

In a number of countries of Eastern Europe, “as post-socialist”, traditions of different retirement ages for men and women have been partially preserved. For example, in Croatia - 65 for men and 62 for women; in the Czech Republic, respectively - 65 and 63, Slovenia - 63 and 61.

Quite low by European standards PV - in Luxembourg; here the population can draw up a pension from the age of 60.

As for life expectancy in Europe, here it is quite high; men live on average from 77 to 83 years, women - from 82 to 85 years.

The leader is (81.3 - m., 85.3 - f.). Close indicators are in Germany, Italy, Iceland.

On the American continents, the leader in terms of PV is where it is 67 years old for both men and women. Average age indicators of life: men - 77 years, women - 82 years.

The PV indicator is smaller - 65 years each. But Canadians live longer than their American neighbors: 80 - m., 84 - f.

In Latin American countries, they generally follow the rule that women retire earlier than men. The difference is usually the "standard" 5 years.

The exception is Jamaica, where both men and women retire at age 60. At the same time, the climate has a good effect on the duration of the local population: 74 years for men, almost 79 years for women.

A PV of 65 years for men and 60 years for women is set in Argentina (life expectancy is 73 for men and 80 for women), Brazil (71.5 and 79 respectively), Chile (77.5 and 83.5) .

Asian countries

In the states of the Asian regions, unlike in Europe, they do not strive for uniform standards in matters of pension legislation.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the world leader in life expectancy is where men live on average up to 80.5, and women up to 87 years.

Being centenarians, the citizens of the Land of the Rising Sun are used to working for a long time. The established (minimum) EL here is 65 years for men and women, but the pension system is designed in such a way that it stimulates the continuation of labor activity up to 70 years or even more.

In South Korea, which is not much behind Japan in terms of life expectancy (79 years for men and 85.5 for women), on the contrary, the norm is 60 years for men and women.

And the situation in the pension sector, which is completely uncharacteristic of world trends, is observed in the most populous country in the world - China. Here, the country's leadership decided in 2019 to REDUCE the PT by 2022: for men - from the current 60 to 55 years, and for women - from 55 to 50 years. Statistics of average life expectancy in China: men - 74.6 years, women - 77.6 years.

In light of recent events, the topic of retirement age has become discussed more than ever. In the summer of 2018, discussions about this flared up everywhere: from the halls of the Kremlin to the kitchens of Khrushchev. The controversy also touched the Internet. The information space was filled with questions. How outdated is the model we are accustomed to? Perhaps there, abroad is better? What is the average retirement age in Europe? Let's try to find out.

Retirement situation in the world

The retirement threshold is steadily increasing in every country. What is the reason? Due to the development of medicine and science, life expectancy is growing, which means that the number of pensioners is also growing. At this rate, their number will soon be equal to the number of working citizens.

Every year, Australian financiers from Melbourne publish statistics on changes in the global pension picture. This is how the situation looks like this moment:

Table. Retirement age in different countries of the world.

As can be seen from the table, not all countries are now ready to raise the retirement age thresholds, even if they are champions in life expectancy (for example, Canada). However, economists argue that by 2029, all countries will be forced to raise the retirement age to 70 years.

Briefly by country

Every citizen with 37 years of experience can receive a full pension in Spain. However, pensioners are forbidden to combine pension and work: they can only work part-time, while the pension is slightly reduced. Due to the recent crisis, the government has imposed restrictions on pension increases. Now, the amount will depend on the amount of taxes collected.

Denmark is a real paradise for pensioners, who often earn more than working people. In addition, there is a law according to which every Dane from 18 to 65 years old has the right to early retirement if he cannot provide for himself at his place of work. Experts say that this will soon cause Denmark to introduce the highest retirement age - 72 years.

Employed citizens pay monthly pension fund Germany 20%, half of which is paid by the employer. Every resident of Germany can become a pensioner up to the established threshold: you just need to pay compensation to the pension fund for lost funds. The size of pensions differs depending on the region: residents of East Germany receive $200 less.

The retirement age in France increases every year by 3 months. To receive a full pension, you must have more than 40 years of experience. If there is not enough seniority to the retirement threshold, then a penalty is applied for the lack of each year - minus 5% monthly. This was the reason for the later application of citizens of the country for a pension. The maximum that a French pension can lose is 25%.

Japan

The reason for high pensions in Japan is not only the high cost of living, but also the heavy standard work schedule - a maximum of one week of vacation per year. Every Japanese can retire at the age of 65, but if he decides to stay, until the age of 70 the pension increases by a quarter.

The pension deduction from the salary of Americans is 15.3%, half of which, as in Germany, is paid by the employer. In addition, in the States there are many ways to save money on your own. For example, special, tax-exempt retirement accounts. If a citizen wants to retire early, then he must officially explain the reason. In this case, the amount of the pension will be reduced. This happens infrequently in the United States, on the contrary, 30% of American pensioners remain to work.

In order to receive a pension in Israel, it is necessary to make deductions (from 7 to 18% of the salary) for more than 30 years. Otherwise, the pension is reduced. For example, if a citizen deducted a percentage of his salary for 10 years, his pension will be about $700. As for repatriates who lived and worked in other countries, they are paid pensions by the Ministry of Finance.

Mandatory seniority for retirement in England until 2010 was 44 years for men and 39 for women. Now this number has dropped to 30 years for everyone. Pension payments in the United Kingdom are divided into three types: public, private and seniority. In addition, every Briton maintains independent pension savings. Due to rising living standards, the government has said it plans to raise the threshold to 67 for everyone by 2025.

The country with one of the most low levels pensions. Here lives the most a large number of pensioners in the world. The nation is officially recognized as aging. According to economists, 40% of the total budget of the country is allocated for the payment of pensions. For a long time, only civil servants received pensions in China. Then, the reform touched the workers. More recently, pensions, although less than those of the rest, nevertheless began to be received by residents of rural areas. In order to receive a pension in the future, a citizen is obliged to deduct 20% of wages.

Pension payments in Thailand appeared recently - in 1999. They are paid to public sector employees with over 25 years of experience or private sector employees making contributions in the amount of 4% of their salary. In addition, the state supports a program of private pension savings, which are not taxed. A persistent stereotype about the absence of pensions in Thailand is due to the fact that a huge number of Thais work unofficially, therefore they do not receive pensions

India

At the moment, there are 90 million people of retirement age living in India. In India, only civil servants receive a pension, i.e. 12% of the total number of all Indians. Now, the average Indian pension is 6,500 rupees (6,100 rubles). Most citizens are supported by children, many by religious organizations. The government says that the pension system will soon be reformed, which is not surprising: according to experts, by 2030 the number of Indians over 58 will reach 320 million people.

Australia

Pensions in Australia do not depend on the length of service or the number of years lived in the state. The government explains this by the duty of the state to provide any elderly person with everything necessary. A single pensioner receives $500, a married couple $900. In addition to the pension, the citizen receives benefits for transportation and medicines, as well as free medical care. The only category of citizens who are not entitled to a pension are people who own property, the amount of which exceeds $160,000. All this does not mean the absence of pension contributions, which make up 9% of the salary. If desired, any citizen can, having reached the retirement threshold, pick up savings.

Brazil

The pension contribution, which must be paid for at least 15 years, is 20% of the salary of Brazilians. Seniority for men - 30 years, for women - 25 years. The minimum Brazilian pension for 2018 is 2,500 Brazilian reais, that is, 42 thousand rubles.

Retirement records

1. There are many countries in which there are no pension payments. For example, Vietnam, Honduras, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, Philippines.
2. The largest pension - $ 3,000 - is received by residents of Liechtenstein.
3. One of the smallest pensions in the world is paid to citizens of Georgia - $30).
4. Not only people can receive a pension. Thai elephants who have reached the age of 60 receive a pension, which is often more than that of the owner - 15,000 baht, i.e. about 30 thousand rubles. In addition, elephants are entitled to free medical care.

The retirement age in different countries is data of interest not only to economists and political scientists, but also to ordinary citizens. The reform, launched in Russia this year, caused excitement and indignation among the population. Many began to look towards Europe: they say, there are young pensioners, not like we have. And after the news that in Italy the retirement age was lowered, readers were generally indignant. The editors of the site decided to figure out which countries have which retirement age.

Before we start, we want to warn you: our task is to study the comparative table of retirement age in other countries. It should reflect the data at the current moment (February 2020), based on information in open sources in Runet. If you have other verified information, we are waiting for your comments.

USA

No matter how you feel about the United States, experts believe that the economy of this state is the most stable, so let's start with the states. There are 2 types of pensions - state and from companies in which a person has worked for a long time. And on that, and on another for health reasons it is possible to leave at any time. But then the payments will not be the highest. In most cases, Americans become retired if they are between 59.5 years old (59 full years and another 6 months from the date of birth) to 67 years old. Everyone chooses how much to work, and it depends on how much a citizen would like to receive in old age. For the majority, it is beneficial to retire at 67, and we will take this indicator as a basis.

China

A country with a unique history has an equally unique pension system. By law, only urban residents are entitled to it. Those who have a rural residence permit must be supported by their children.

Chinese men can leave the service at 60, and women at 50-55, depending on the type of occupation. The authorities of the Celestial Empire have repeatedly said that they are going to raise the pension qualification for 5 years. The last time they promised to do this was in 2017, but it did not work out. The reform was postponed until 2045.

Japan

The retirement age in Japan, like in the United States, depends on how much a person would like to receive in old age. If a Japanese is ready to be content with 70% of a well-deserved pension, he can leave work at 60. But if he claims 100% of payments, he will be released only at 65. This applies to both women and men.

Western European countries: Germany, England, France

The retirement age in Europe varies from country to country. In Germany, provided that a citizen is not a disabled person or a representative of another privileged category, you can finish working at 65. Now the pension system is being reformed in such a way that people born in 1964 and later will be able to leave the service only at 67. Age limit the same for both women and men.

Retirement in France: Age raised to 62.5 in 2018 (no gender breakdown). You must have at least 42 years of experience in order to receive all payments provided by law. If the experience is not enough, you can work up to 67 years and also receive the full amount.

In the UK, since November 2018, both men and women can retire at 65. And in the near future, the authorities plan to increase the age limit to 67. An Englishman will be allowed to receive the maximum pension minimum experience at 44

If we are not limited only to the countries of Western Europe, but take such states as Sweden, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Finland, then the retirement age in European countries (table 2020) is somewhat different (countries are listed in alphabetical order):

How about our neighbors?

It is especially interesting to know what the retirement age is in the countries of the world (the table for 2020 is presented below) located in the neighborhood of Russia: in Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria, Moldova, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

To make it clearer, what is the retirement age in the world - a table of 2020.

After analyzing these data, it is easy to answer the question of where the lowest retirement age is: in China. In many countries, an ordinary citizen can be retired no earlier than 60, and on average around the world - in 63-64. And the richer the state, the more dedication it requires from its citizens. Against this background, Russia looks “like everyone else”: we follow global trends in raising the retirement age, no matter how much we want to excel.