What is included in the total work experience. Seniority Classification of seniority and its significance in the field of social security

The presence of insurance experience is one of the criteria for determining the right of a citizen to retire in 2020. Minimum requirements required seniority for registration of an insurance pension are increased annually, starting in 2015. To make payments in 2020, you need to have an insurance period (for standards for 2021 and beyond, see c).

In the insurance period, according to law No. 400-FZ "About insurance pensions" the following are included:

Since 2019, the pension legislation has had a new basis for early retirement - the presence of a long work experience (). Its calculation differs from the standard scheme, since its duration Not all periods included(for example, military service is not counted).

For some types of pension, the duration is of particular importance. special experience- labor activity by profession or in certain working conditions. This applies to recipients of pensions, pensions and length of service (, etc.).

What is insurance experience?

The concept of insurance experience is defined in Art. 3 of Law No. 400-FZ. This is the total duration of the labor activity of a person and others, a list of which is enshrined in law. Before system changes pension provision in 2015, instead of this term, the concept was used "seniority".

Duration of insurance experience directly affects the amount of the pension:

• The longer a person works, the more insurance premiums the employer pays for him.
• From the insurance premiums on the personal account of a citizen, they are formed, with the help of which the size of the future pension.

In addition, citizens who either did not have enough of it to the minimum established standards will not be able to receive insurance pension by old age. They will only be entitled to, which is assigned later than the insurance (at 70 for men and 65 for women), and its size is fixed for all recipients of this type of security.

Insurance and work experience: what's the difference?

Despite changes in legislation, the concept of seniority is still used in practice today.

• It includes all periods of work activity and other periods taking place before the beginning of 2002.
• Its duration is used to calculate the amount of citizens' pensions as of that date. After this time with the implementation of reforms, the definition of pension rights and the calculation of payments depends on the length of service.

What is included in the insurance period

In accordance with the law of December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ "About insurance pensions", the experience includes the following periods of work or other activities performed by citizens of the Russian Federation:

1. On the territory of the Russian Federation, subject to the mandatory payment of contributions to the FIU.
2. In other countries, in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation or international treaties of the Russian Federation, or subject to payment of contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

In addition to periods of work, the length of service provided for by law, during which contributions are not deducted, will be included in the length of service.

Note that not all periods included in the insurance period are counted in the length of service for. Eg:

• the duration of work in the conditions of the Far North or areas equated to them is important;
• (37 years for women, 42 for men) will be summed up by the duration of work and paid sick leave (without socially significant periods).

What "non-insurance" periods are counted in the insurance experience

The length of service, in addition to the time of employment, includes the periods listed in Part 1 of Art. 12 of Law No. 400-FZ. These include:

• receiving benefits in connection with the onset of temporary disability;
• mother's or father's care for each child up to his age of 1.5 years (no more than 6 years in total);
• receiving unemployment benefits, performing paid public works, the time of moving to another locality for employment in the direction of the employment service;
• being in custody and in places of restriction of freedom, exile in case of unreasonable prosecution, if innocence is then proven;
• caring for a disabled person of the 1st group, a disabled child, citizens over the age of 80;
• residence of the wife of a serviceman in an area where she cannot get a job (no more than 5 years);
• residence outside the territory of the Russian Federation of spouses of citizens performing duties in representative offices and consulates of the Russian Federation (no more than 5 years);
• statutory period "On operational-search activity".

These periods will be included in the length of service if before them and after them there were periods of work (regardless of their duration), during which the transfer of insurance premiums to the FIU took place.

Seniority for retirement in Russia under the new law

After the reform of the pension system in 2015, the requirements for the minimum length of service for the appointment of an insurance old-age pension began to increase annually.

Note that the changes did not affect the length of service for appointment early retirement certain categories of citizens specified in the article and Law No. 400-FZ (employees of the Lists and privileged categories).

The minimum length of service for calculating a pension in 2020 in Russia

To be eligible for an old-age insurance pension in 2020, you must have at least 11 years of insurance experience. The minimum seniority requirement will gradually increase, adding one year each year. For example, already in 2021, 12 years of insurance experience are required to establish a pension, in 2022 - already 13 years, until it reaches 15 years by 2025. In addition to m (table below).

Length of service for retirement in Russia under the new law (table 2020)

Rules for calculating and confirming the insurance experience

The procedure for calculating the insurance period is regulated by Article 13 of Law No. 400-FZ, which provides for the following points:

When assigning pensions, confirmation of the length of service is not always required.

Periods of work after the introduction of individual (personalized) accounting (IPU) and receipt of SNILS are automatically confirmed based on the information recorded on the individual personal account of the future pensioner.

Confirmation of periods of employment before the introduction of individual accounting may be required:

• In the absence of relevant data in the FIU. In this case, as a rule, supporting documents are required from the employer or from the state. authorities in the manner prescribed by law.
• In case of destruction without the possibility of recovery or loss of documents on work through no fault of the employee. In this case, the establishment of the length of service (with the exception of the nature of the work) occurs on the basis of witness testimony ( 2 or more people).

Quite a lot of different parameters and properties are used to calculate and record pensions. One of them - . And it is worth understanding all the intricacies and nuances of his calculations in order to understand exactly what you can count on. And today, many are interested in what the total insurance experience should be from 2016 for a pension.

Such length of service, intended for the calculation of social payments, implies a certain length of working time, which is taken into account when determining what the pension should be and whether a person is entitled to it. This takes into account a variety of periods of working time, but with the condition that the employer of the employee made deductions for him in government bodies Russia. Other various periods counted in the required length of service are also taken into account.

The insurance period in 2016 is calculated as before. It is worth understanding that this is regulated by a Government Decree of 2002. Other periods that are included in this experience include:

• years or months;
• receiving payments due to illness or other options for the incapacity for work of an employee;
• the leave that was required to raise the baby until he was 1.5 years old (for all that, there is a limit of 4.5 years if there are several children);
• moments when it worked.

Various absenteeism and vacations at their own expense are not included in the total working time and are not taken into account for payment. Naturally, it should be understood that citizens belonging to the category of officially unemployed, no payments and calculations are provided. This is due to the fact that no one made any contributions to the social insurance fund and the pension fund for them. This means that there is no way to expect compensation.

Today, the accrual of insurance experience for a pension begins after 5 full officially worked years. Less than - not included in the calculations. However, today, in the rather difficult economic realities for the country, proposals have been made more than once that such a period should be extended. The minimum term that is proposed to be done is 15 years.

It is desirable to understand the intricacies and nuances of such calculations independently. This will allow you to always keep abreast and control the state of your finances. Such knowledge will allow you to independently calculate all your amounts and necessary payments. And you will be able to come to the pension fund prepared to the maximum.

The right to a pension is an inalienable right of every citizen, but its specific size and purpose are different for everyone.

This is explained by G In this case, the main parameter is the individual employee.

In addition, it is of no small importance for receiving other payments and benefits: allowances or compensation. Read more about the role and types of seniority below.

Concept and history of occurrence

The broadest concept of work experience is its definition in the form of the time of the employee's labor activity, his life in work.

If we specify this concept, then we can say that it also includes the period of any other activity useful to society, equated by legislation with labor.

The main document by which this period is determined is. It first appeared in 1918, and a year later it became a mandatory document for all persons over 16 years of age. It was necessary just to fix the place and duration of the work of a citizen, and in the future to determine his seniority.

Insurance

It represents the time periods during which contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation were paid for a citizen.

In modern conditions, it plays most important role, so it will be discussed in more detail below.

Role of seniority

The legal meaning of seniority is very wide, so it is worth highlighting the role of each of its types listed above separately.

General labor

The significance of this type of experience lies in the fact that it is used when appointing a citizen such:

In some cases, its presence is also necessary for applying for a superannuation or old-age pension, but on preferential terms.

Special labor

Its role is as follows:

• taking into account it, an old-age pension is established for workers whose activities were carried out in the Far North or had special conditions labor;
• the size of the percentage of the employee, as well as the annual remuneration for the length of service, depends on its duration;
• taking into account it, it is determined if such a right exists for representatives of certain professions.

An example of such professions and activities are underground work, with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in logging, in hot shops, etc.

Continuous

Its meaning is as follows:

• the amount of unemployment benefit, which is assigned to a citizen upon registration, depends on its duration;
• it is associated with the payment of allowances and additional payments to the salary (or tariff rate) to the employee;
• its duration affects the amount of remuneration based on the results of work for the year.

As for the pension sector, for it this type of experience is currently of no importance.

Insurance

In modern conditions, it is its presence in the minimum amount (5 years) that is a prerequisite for the appointment of an old-age pension. In the absence of such length of service, a pension cannot be assigned.

Taking it into account, the individual coefficient of the pensioner is also determined, the value of which, in turn, directly affects the amount of pension payments.

Periods of activity

When calculating the length of service, it includes the time during which the employee was engaged in labor activities.

An important condition is the fact of paying insurance premiums for it to the FIU. At the same time, not only periods of work on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also outside it (in some cases) can be taken into account.

The following periods may also be included in the calculation:

• (or other activity that equates to it);
• (but not more than 4.5 years in total);
• receiving unemployment benefits;
• caring for a disabled person or a person over 80;
• detention of illegally convicted citizens.
• receiving benefits for compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability;
• residence of the spouses of military personnel together with their spouses in an area where there is no possibility of employment (but in total no more than 5 years).

An important condition for these periods to be taken into account in the length of service is the mandatory official employment of the employee before their onset.

Earlier in the legislation there was the concept of "general seniority", which was understood as the total duration of all periods of work in one or different organizations. In 2002, the pension reform was launched, and instead of “general seniority”, the wording “insurance experience” is used, however, the former name still remained at the philistine level, and people often confuse these two almost identical concepts.

To understand the topic, you should familiarize yourself with what types of experience exist or have acted before:

• Insurance: it should be understood as the sum of all periods of time during which insurance premiums were made in the FIU.
• General labor: theoretically, the same thing is meant here as in insurance, however, it is not insurance premiums that are taken into account, but the sum of all time periods of a citizen's labor activity.
• Continuous labor: now the concept of continuity has been canceled, but earlier it meant a certain length of service with a break between dismissal and subsequent registration in one organization or another in less than 1 month.
• Special labor: applies to workers in the Far North and those who work in chemically hazardous industries, etc., i.e. under special conditions.

General work experience: what is it?

As mentioned earlier, the total length of service means the sum of working months or years, regardless of the presence / absence of breaks. Now, instead of this term, the concept of “insurance experience” is used, and after the pension reform, all amounts deposited into the account with the Pension Fund are subject to summation and accounted for when calculating the amount of the pension.

Most often, the duration of the insurance period affects the amount of pensions and temporary disability benefits, however highest value still has a citizen's salary:

• For a sick leave with an experience of 8 years or more, 100% of the average monthly salary is transferred; from 5 to 8 years - 80%; up to 5 years - 60%; less than six months of work - no more than 1 minimum wage.
• The minimum period of insurance experience for receiving an old-age pension is 5 years, while previously it was 20 and 25 years (for women and men, respectively).

Thus, after the amendments are made, a person who has worked for only 6 years and has made more insurance transfers can claim a larger pension than a citizen who has worked all his life for a small salary.

What is included in the total work experience?

According to the current legislation, when calculating the insurance period, not only payments made are taken into account, but also certain periods of the life of an employee retiring:

• Service in the army (urgent or contract), State Border Service of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, etc. In some cases, work experience begins to be calculated from the moment of admission to the military and similar universities / technical schools.
• The time spent on leave to care for a child up to 1.5 years.
• Periods of stay on sick leave, while their duration is not limited by law.
• Period of status registered with the Employment Center.
• Sick leave time for caring for a disabled child, a close relative who has reached the age of 80, or a disabled person of the 1st group.
• Participation in social or public works.
• If a soldier was sent to serve abroad, and his wife arrived there with him, but could not find a job. The length of service includes a period not exceeding 5 years of unemployment in a foreign country.
• The time when a citizen served a sentence in prison or correctional colony, but was subsequently acquitted due to unlawful conviction.

Important! The calculation of the insurance period begins from the moment the first installment is made, and if the citizen did not work anywhere before the occurrence of the above circumstances, then it will not be accrued. As for the citizens who worked before 2002, their pension rights were converted into a certain amount of money formed from the moment of employment until the year indicated above.

An example of when the length of service should be taken into account:

Manager Pakhomova I.I. signed an employment contract with an employer in 2016. While on probation (3 months), she fell ill and went on sick leave. In this regard, the end of such a period for her was postponed, but the entire period of disability was included in the length of service.

A more complex example of accounting for insurance experience:

Ivanov P.E. has been working as a loader unofficially since 2015. In 2016, his mother fell seriously ill and he had to take care of her. Six months later, he officially got a job as a sales assistant, the employer made the first insurance premium for him - from that moment the accrual of experience began. The time of informal labor activity and care of a relative is not taken into account in this case.

Special attention should be paid to special work experience, because. it also affects the size and age of retirement. This concept means the period of work of a citizen in dangerous conditions (climatic, chemical, etc.). This gives him the right to early retirement and receive a number of benefits (increased benefits, increased percentage salary supplements, etc.).

Who is entitled to the calculation of special experience:

• Persons working in special conditions.
• Miners and mining workers.
• Doctors, teachers.
• Employees of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Federal Penitentiary Service, etc.

What is not included in the total work experience?

Based on the above, the calculation of the total length of service includes all periods of the life of each citizen, except for those when he was officially employed. When working outside the territory of the Russian Federation, activities can also be taken into account, however, this requires an international agreement between countries.

In view of the fact that on this moment the insurance period is taken into account to calculate the pension, then upon reaching the age of 55 and 60 years (women and men), everyone is entitled to claim the allowance, provided that they have at least 5 years of official work since 2002.

It is worth noting that if a person works in two organizations at once, then only the length of service in one of them is taken into account. For example:

Accountant Sviridova M.Yu. works in her specialty at Avers LLC, where she was employed in 2013. Later, in 2015, she opened her office, registering as an individual entrepreneur, but at the same time continued her activities at Avers LLC. Upon reaching the age of 55 in 2017, she decided to retire, which was calculated using the time period from 2013 to 2017. Insurance accruals made since 2015 on behalf of individual entrepreneurs were not taken into account.

How to confirm the length of service before 2002?

After the start of the pension reform in 2002, employees of the Pension Fund were obliged to keep a personalized record of all workers and citizens making insurance contributions, while the work book remained the main document confirming labor activity, as it has been since 1918.

What to do if the work book is lost and it is necessary to confirm the length of service until 2002? In this case, there are several possible solutions to the problem:

• Contact employers who have worked in the past. They will provide proof. If the rights to manage the organization and use its property were transferred to a third party, and the previous head is no longer working, then you can request a document from the new owners of the enterprise.
• If the enterprise was liquidated, it is worth visiting the territorial office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation: many certificates of labor activity should be preserved in it. In order to receive information indicating specific dates for hiring, dismissal and places of execution of contracts, it is recommended to send a written application to the State Archives.

In the situation with the loss (damage) of the work book and the restoration of the insurance period for citizens who officially applied for work for the first time after 2002, everything is much simpler: they just need to submit an application with a request to provide the necessary information to the Pension Fund. All information is determined using a personalized accounting program and can be transferred within 10 days after the request. If the employer organization has not been liquidated, you can go the other way: contact the personnel department with a written application for a duplicate work book.

Calculation of seniority: important nuances

When calculating the length of service, several details should be taken into account:

• The calculation takes all the time of work up to 1 day, while the months are converted to years, and the days to months. For example, 40 days = 1 month 1 days, 13 months = 1 year and 1 month.
• If the insurance period is less than continuous, then benefits are calculated based on the duration of the latter,

• On a separate sheet we write out all the dates of hiring and dismissal.
• We calculate the number of months, days and years of labor activity in each of the organizations.
• Convert days to months and months to years.
• Having received the final amount, we subtract from it the time of study at the university, which employers often indicate in the labor.

For the most accurate calculation, it is best to use an online calculator or contact an organization providing accounting services. If, when applying for a pension, it was revealed that the PFR did not take into account any period of work, but deductions were made, certificates from previous employers should be provided to confirm information about employment, because. employees have the necessary data only since the beginning of 2002, when the maintenance of personalized records was approved at the legislative level.