How to score maximum points on the exam. Notifications What are Retirement Points

One of the most common causes losing points on the exam is a banal lack of time. For example, a graduate spent 40 minutes solving a math problem that was difficult for him, and as a result did not have time to solve the option for the end. Although those 2-3 tasks that remained unanswered, in total they would take less time - and would bring more points.

In order to prevent this from happening, you must adhere to a simple tactic that allows you to answer the maximum number of questions.

1. Do not try to solve the tasks in the order in which they are given in the KIM USE version. First, give answers to all the questions that are easy for you - those where you can give an answer right away or have no doubts about the decision. If you're floating around in a question, don't know the answer, or feel like you need time to think, move on to the next question.


2. Once you've reached the end, count the number of unanswered questions and decide how much time you have left to deal with them. Divide the remaining number of minutes by the number of tasks, and you get a deadline allotted for you to think about each of them.


3. Work through the remaining tasks in an easy-to-hard fashion, first with the things that can be done faster, then with the harder questions. If you cannot find the answer in the time allotted to yourself, go to the next task. If you have some time left at the end of the exam, you can go back to thinking about them. This way you will keep the number of unsolved tasks to a minimum.


4. In a situation of lack of time, all other things being equal, choose those tasks that can bring you more points.

What to do if the answer is unknown

" Chicken grain" - this principle is the best suited for the exam, the final score is gained from the "little things". Therefore, even if you are not sure of the absolute correctness of your answer, use the chance to get a score for "partially correct".

If you have a choice, for example, of four answers to a question, and you don’t know, discard the options that seem the least plausible to you, and then answer at random. If you need to establish a correspondence between two series of statements - act similarly, find "pairs" that seem true to you and rely on fate in the main part of the task. If you need to list the main signs of a phenomenon, but you don’t remember which are the main ones, list at least some, this can also “work”.

Do not leave tasks with short questions without answers. Even if you have no idea what it is about - write at least something, even if the chance of guessing is very small. A task without an answer is zero points with a probability of 100%, and it will not get worse, but it can be better.

Time planning: reserve "for the unexpected"

When people calculate how long it will take them to complete a given task, they tend to be optimistic and underestimate labor costs. This is a scientifically established fact, called the “planning error”. When we make plans, we assume that everything will “go well” and do not take into account possible difficulties or losses - and as a result we do not fit into the allotted framework. On the exam, this can play a fatal role - especially if, for example, you left the transfer of answers to the forms for the end.

To avoid trouble, when planning your time for the exam, it is necessary to provide for an “emergency reserve” of 20-30 minutes just “just in case”. If the exam lasts 3 hours, proceed from the idea that you should complete it in two and a half. The “reserve” will remain for you to check the work or think about the tasks left “for later”.

What you can not "save" on the exam

Despite the fact that during the exam every minute counts, and you want to keep the “formalities” to a minimum, gaining some time to complete the tasks, there are things that you cannot save time on.

1. 
   Checking barcodes on blanks and CMM variants. They must match. If a mistake was made when compiling packages, and you did not notice it, your work can be checked according to another option, and, naturally, the answers in this case will turn out to be incorrect.


2. 
   Reading the text of tasks with short answers. Pay special attention to whether you must choose correct or incorrect statements, write down the answer in numbers or letters, and so on. You can emphasize the requirements for the answer right in the question - this will help to avoid mistakes.


3. 
   Transferring responses to forms. Do not put it off until the last moment, it is better to fill out the forms in stages, as you have finished working with one or another block of tasks. Pay special attention to the part with short answers - forms are checked automatically, so letters and numbers must be written clearly and legibly. If you made a blot or accidentally struck a pen on the form, duplicate the answer in the part of the form that is intended to correct erroneous answers (“dirt” can lead to incorrect recognition of answers by the computer). Follow the numbering of tasks.


4. 
   Check and recheck. It is especially important for the math exam, where USE students often make “hurtful” computational errors. Therefore, it is better to carry out the calculations again before transferring the answer to the form and, if the answers do not converge, look for an error. But also, when taking an exam in other subjects, do not transfer the answers mechanically - read the task again, correlate your answer with the condition, make sure that everything is written correctly.

But what, if necessary, you can “save” on is writing drafts of essays. Impeccable literacy and “licking” of each sentence is critically important only for an essay in the Russian language, but even here points for strikethroughs in the text and blots are not reduced. Therefore, if you feel that there may not be enough time, sketch out only a plan or the main theses of the work on drafts, and write the text immediately on the form.

You can only create your Express Entry profile if you qualify for one of Canada's federal immigration programs.

Candidates admitted by the system to the Express Entry database (EE pool) are evaluated through the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS), which automatically gives points based on the following indicators:

• Core human capital factors – age, education, language
• Basic human factors of the accompanying spouse, if any
• Combined factors (Skill transferability factors) - several combinations of age with work experience and language skills
• Additional points for a provincial nomination, employment contract with a Canadian employer, or study in Canada.

Approximately twice a month, the Government of Canada conducts a selection of candidates with the highest scores, who receive an invitation to apply for a residence permit in Canada (Invitations to apply for Canadian permanent residence). Therefore, it is very important to make every effort to get the maximum possible number of points for yourself, because your chances of immigrating to Canada increase literally with every point. You can use our Express Entry points calculator to see exactly how your points stack up and where you can increase them.

How to improve core human capital factors (Core Human Capital Factors)

The advanced CRS scoring system can give up to 600 points for key human factors and skills transferability, which take into account data such as the candidate's age, education, language and work experience.

If you take any steps to improve your Human Factors, you can earn extra CRS points which are never redundant. These can be the following actions:

• Self-acquisition of a degree, diploma, certificate
• Obtaining an academic degree, certificate diploma by an accompanying spouse
• Improving your language skills (English and/or French), retaking the language test
• Improving language skills (English and / or French), retaking the language test by the accompanying spouse
• Additional work experience
• Additional work experience with an accompanying spouse

The most profitable way to increase your CRS points is to get a nomination from a Canadian province. This will immediately give you an additional 600 points to the ones you already have. Yes, without these points, people also receive their invitations to apply, however, we can say with all confidence that with them you will receive your invitation in the next selection.

Provincial nominations are the shortest route to Canadian residency.

The federal government of Canada allows provinces and territories to select their own immigrants. Canada currently has 10 provinces and three territories. With the exception of the province of Quebec and the territory of Nunavut, all of them have their own immigration programs (Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs), which allow them to nominate candidates who want to immigrate to Canada and agree to live in a particular province.

Each Provincial Immigration Program (PNP) is tailored to the needs of a particular province or territory and invites those immigrants who will find it easier to make a living in that region and who will bring maximum benefit to it.

Most of Canada's provincial programs are clearly linked to the federal Express Entry selection system. Express Entry candidates who are nominated by a province or territory receive an additional 600 CRS points out of a maximum of 1200. When added to the existing points for basic human factors and skills transferability, an invitation to apply in the next selection is almost guaranteed.

Provincial Immigration Programs (PNP) that give 600 CRS in Express Entry:

• British Columbia/British Columbia PNP ()
• Manitoba/Manitoba PNP ()
• Saskatchewan Immigrant Nominee Program ()
• Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program ()
• New Brunswick/New Brunswick PNP (

Shows which learning practices are the most effective and how many points they add to the overall “piggy bank” of the result. The biggest contribution is made by good studies in high school.

4-6 points will ensure successful study at school

USE points, in fact, are earned quite in advance - by regular good study. High grades for the tenth grade of the school allow us to hope for success in the exams. Four - six points - this is the average difference in the results of the Unified State Examination among excellent students and good students compared to three students.

But tutors and preparatory courses at universities, contrary to all the myths about their importance for success in exams, are by no means so effective.

1-2 points will add lessons from tutors and courses

To prepare for the exam, high school students are actively engaged in tutors and preparatory courses. However, the benefits of these activities are greatly exaggerated.

Tutors, according to laboratory research, do not give a significant effect at all (see). Courses, on the other hand, can increase a graduate's performance by only one or two points on average. But only strong students can count on this increase.

“If a person has not paid attention to studying for ten years, then, probably, gaps will form in his knowledge, which then will be problematic to quickly close,” Andrey Zakharov explained. Another reason for the inefficiency of additional classes is the insufficient quality of services.

3-4 points in the "treasury of results" - from specialized training

In profile classes, where students come after the ninth grade (and pre-profile training begins even earlier), maximum attention is paid to the selected subjects. More hours are devoted to them in the curriculum, and the content of the training is more intense. Children pass more themes and at a deeper level. Hence the impact on exam results. The contribution of this factor is plus three or four points.

2-5 points will provide intensive preparation for the exam at school and at home

Teachers cannot be reproached with indifference to the successful passing of exams by graduates. Both classroom work and homework are often devoted to "targeted" preparation for the exam. Children perform tests of previous years, train in creative tasks. Such work gives from two to five points "plus".

“At the same time, for students from specialized classes, the effect is given by the frequent completion of tasks, mainly from part C,” commented Andrey Zakharov. “There are complex tasks in mathematics and exact sciences that require reasoning and explanation of the solution, or an essay on the Russian language.”

However, there are other factors for success in exams. This is the education and cultural needs of the parents and, of course, the abilities and motivation of the student himself. In short, educational history is made up of many stories. “And what happens in the last few months before the exam is very important, but may not always be decisive,” the researcher emphasized.

20/05/2018

The new pension reform has passed recently. The Law on Pensions No. 400-FZ, which entered into force, became the basis. One of the goals of this innovation is to simplify the recording of citizens' rights to pensions. For convenience, a new value has been introduced. It became the basis for all calculations of the insurance pension.

What are Retirement Points

Pension points are conventional units that measure all the accumulated rights of citizens to. Legislatively, they are called individual pension coefficients or IPC for short:

IPC is necessary not only for calculation, but also for determining the right to a pension. A restriction has been introduced to the minimum number of accumulated coefficients. If upon reaching them there is not enough, then the appointment will be denied.

What should I do if I don't have enough points to qualify for a pension? How to earn or accumulate them in advance? To do this, you need to know how they are calculated and choose the appropriate method for yourself.

How Retirement Points Are Calculated

The definition is rather confusing, but you can understand the essence. They include insurance premiums and incentives for temporarily refusing to apply for a pension. In fact, the formation of points occurs not only due to these parameters. After all, the concept of pension points was introduced not so long ago. But what about the Soviet experience?

Consider all the ways that allow you to accumulate and increase pension points for a future pension. They have their own characteristics, but at the same time are available to every person.

Through insurance premiums

Currently, this is the main criterion for increasing the IPC. All insurance premiums for the period of your official employment are converted into points. They are charged only from the "white" salary.

At the end of each year, the PFR converts the paid rubles into points. This approach allows you to protect the money from depreciation and return it to the pensioner upon retirement.

The formula is simple: IPCi = (SVan,i / NSVan,i) x 10.
IPIi are your pension coefficients. To calculate them, the accumulated insurance premiums for the year are divided by the standard amount of premiums of the same year and multiplied by 10. For the convenience of calculation, use the table:

Example 1. In 2018, Alexey Petrovich earned 625,000 rubles. This means that his employer paid 100,000 rubles in contributions to the PFR account insurance part(625000*16%). Substituting the data into the formula, we obtain the IPC 6.121.

According to the Law, today you can buy pension points and seniority. This may be necessary if there are no minimum requirements for the appointment. To do this, you need to contact the nearest department of the FIU.

Including premium coefficients

For delayed retirement, the PFR establishes bonus multipliers. They do not accumulate, unlike insurance premiums, but multiply the total number of accumulated points. Therefore, the amount of monthly payments also increases.

Terms from the moment of right are calculated in years. To receive this opportunity, you must delay your exit by at least one year. In this case, for a regular old-age pension, the total amount of pension points will be multiplied by 1.07. All possible options can be seen in the table.

Example 2. When leaving in 2018 for early retirement three years later, the pensioner has accumulated 145 points. The payment will be increased by 16% and amount not to 11,816.05 rubles (145 * 81.49), but 13,706 rubles (145 * 1.16 * 81.49).

The satisfaction from such an increase is highly doubtful. After all, a pensioner in this case could receive monthly amounts during the year. Taking into account the average amount of old-age payments in 2018, 14,151 rubles, a quite impressive amount of 169,812 rubles comes out for the year.

On the other hand, such an increase due to premium coefficients can be very useful. For example, for those who did not know about their right to early retirement and applied for many years later. Even in this case, there will be an increase in IPC, because. it is not necessary to notify the FIU in advance of your refusal.

For other, non-insurance periods

Socially significant periods in a person's life can also be taken into account as part of a pension. Law no. lists such periods. They are called non-insurance, because. they do not pay fees. Therefore, the PFR compensates for such experience in a different way.

A certain number of pension points are provided for each year. They are summed up with other accumulated coefficients, increasing the total amount of payments.

Today, pensioners can apply to the FIU with an application for the recalculation of such periods, if any. If such a period coincides with the length of service, the most advantageous calculation option will be selected. When assessing your pension rights, points and seniority for the same period cannot be taken into account.

Such periods will help future pensioners form their pension rights in a timely manner. Knowing about the possibilities of using such periods, you can increase your pension or earn missing points.

Example 3. In the absence of official work, pension rights are not formed. In this case, you can arrange care for a disabled pensioner. Thus, for each year, 1.8 points will be taken into account on an individual personal account in the PFR. And for five years to have not only experience, but also 8 additional points.

Example 4. For those who do not have enough IPC to assign a pension and do not have the opportunity to find a job, you can also “gain” points by caring for an 80-year-old pensioner you know.

Retirement points were introduced by a new reform only recently. Until 2002, there was not even such a thing as insurance premiums. Then there were other rules for counting rights. But even today, all those periods are necessarily taken into account when assigning a pension. They are calculated according to the "old" rules and converted into individual pension coefficients.

The basic rule in those years was identical to the current one: the longer the length of service and wages, the higher the amount of your future monthly payments from the PFR. Only they were confirmed by work books and certificates. Therefore, any additional certificate that increases pension rights for the Soviet years increases your IPK today.

Example 5. A certificate for the period of work in school or student years in Soviet times is taken into account by the PFR authorities in seniority. Even if there are several workdays in a month in the certificate, a full calendar month will be taken into account in the seniority of the pensioner.

For children

Motherhood, which is encouraged by the state, deserves special attention. The period can be taken into account not only as part of the length of service and points, but also doubled for each subsequent child. This can significantly increase retirement points. Therefore, it is so important to submit birth certificates of children to the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

The period of caring for children is taken into account in the experience of no more than 6 years (one and a half years each). The maximum number of pension coefficients of 24.3 can be obtained for four raised children. But it should be borne in mind that in a "pure" form they can only be accrued if they do not coincide with the length of service.

Example 6. Caring for three children can bring 16.2 points to the mother's piggy bank. For each, you can take into account one and a half years with an increase in points for the second and third child:
1. 2,7 = 1,8 * 1,6
2. 5,4 = 3,6 * 1,6
3. 8,1 = 5,4 * 1,6

How to find out how many points have been accumulated

All periods of employment and accumulated pension coefficients must be taken into account in the PFR. Data about each citizen is stored in (ILS). This is the electronic repository of the Pension Fund about our work and wages. This is where all the information about your accumulated points is stored.

Today, each person can request and find out information in the form of an extract from their individual personal account. Information stored about you in pension fund are provided free of charge. Article 14 of the Federal Law of April 1, 1996 No. 27-FZ.

1. The easiest and fastest way to view information about how many pension points you have accumulated. Directly in the personal account of the insured person on the PFR website.
2. On the gosuslugi.ru website, it is possible to request an extract from the ILS in the form of a document. For convenience, it can be printed.
3. Upon application, you can obtain information directly from the nearest territorial body of the FIU. The application can be written not only in the customer service on the spot, but also bring the completed form or send it by mail.

Information about the work is constantly updated according to the reports of employers. As for information about past periods of work, it can not be found. It is worth paying attention to this and checking whether all the data is available in the Pension Fund about your activities. In case of absence or inaccuracies in the information, you can contact the nearest territorial body of the PFR with confirmation of the available data.

As a result, each option from the 5 listed methods of accruing pension points has its own characteristics. Long term the best option earning the maximum number of PKIs can be considered formal employment. As wages increase, the future pension will also increase. For those who have already reached retirement age, but a little did not reach the required minimum coefficients, the option with a "purchase" is suitable. The period of care for the disabled can additionally bring several bonuses to the IPC piggy bank that will help you increase your pension.

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The secret to successfully passing the exam lies in intensive preparation in high school and good academic performance throughout the study, and not in the number of tutors. This conclusion was reached by experts from the Institute of Education of the Higher School of Economics. On the basis of the conducted research, they developed the "Unified State Examination Calculator".

The created "USE calculator" demonstrates the most effective learning practices and shows how many points they allow to increase the final exam result.

According to the experts of the International Laboratory for Analysis of Educational Policy of the University, high-quality study at school allows, on average, to add 4-6 points to the results of the Unified State Examination. Successful passing of exams is significantly influenced by high performance in high school. As a rule, the average difference between excellent students and three students according to the test results is from 4 to 6 points.

Teachers share this conclusion of the experts. “In the senior classes, practically no new material is given, everything is aimed at a fluent repetition of the topics covered and solving the tasks of the Unified State Examination,” says classroom teacher senior class Valentina Gavrilova. “Practice shows that those who have always studied at “four” and “five” pass exams well, because they have a good foundation, they only deepen their knowledge, and do not close white spots in fire mode.”

Experts note that the influence of tutors on the final result is significantly exaggerated. Approximately by 1-2 points, the result can increase due to attendance by graduates of courses to prepare for the exam.

According to experts, the lack of proper results from additional classes may be due to the insufficient quality of the services provided. In addition, if a student has not paid due attention to studies for all ten years, then it will be quite problematic to correct the gaps in knowledge that have formed during this time.

However, educators question this conclusion. “Classes have an average of 25 students. The teacher is unable to pay attention to everyone. If a topic is not understood by the student, then no one will chew it. This creates a gap in knowledge. Then he, like a snowball, covers the child closer to the exam, - explains biology teacher, tutor with 10 years of experience Marina Stupkina. - I find out which sections were not mastered, and dwell on them in detail. The student tries to figure it out, and when it succeeds, he again feels interested in learning. And that's the most important thing."

Profile training can add about 3-4 more points. “In profile classes, where students come after the ninth grade (and pre-profile training begins even earlier), maximum attention is paid to the chosen subjects. More hours are devoted to them in the curriculum, and the content of the training is more intense. Children go through more topics, and at a deeper level. Hence the impact on exam results,” explains Andrey Zakharov, Deputy Head of the International Laboratory for Educational Policy Analysis at the Institute of Education of the Higher School of Economics.

By 2-5 points, the overall result can be raised by intensive training, both at school and at home. The greatest effect at the same time is ensured by the regular completion of the tasks of part C, which include complex tasks in the exact sciences and essays in the Russian language. The tasks of this part, including essays, require deep knowledge, since they are built on reasoning and explanations of solutions.

Other factors for successful completion of the USE at the Higher School of Economics were the education of parents and their level of culture, as well as the abilities and motivation of students.